14.24
समदुःखसुखः स्वस्थः
समलोष्टाश्मकाञ्चनः ।
तुल्यप्रियाप्रियो धीरस्
तुल्यनिन्दात्मसंस्तुतिः ॥
samaduḥkhasukhaḥ svasthaḥ samaloṣṭāśmakāñcanaḥ
tulyapriyāpriyo dhīras tulyanindātmasaṃstutiḥ
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन).
The verse
He is the same in pain and happiness, settled in himself, the same toward a clod, a stone, and gold, the same toward the pleasant and the unpleasant, steady, and the same toward blame and praise of himself.
नेपालीमा
ऊ दुःख र सुखमा समान छ, आफैँमा अडिएको, माटोको डल्लो, ढुङ्गा र सुनप्रति समान, प्रिय र अप्रियप्रति समान, स्थिर, र आफ्नो निन्दा र प्रशंसाप्रति समान।
Where it sits
14.23 put him apart from the strands while they move, and this verse says what that apartness looks like in the pairs a person usually splits on.
Split: सम-दुःख-सुखः + स्व-स्थः + सम-लोष्ट-अश्म-काञ्चनः + तुल्य-प्रिय-अप्रियः + धीरः + तुल्य-निन्दा-आत्म-संस्तुतिः
sama-duḥkha-sukhaḥ + sva-sthaḥ + sama-loṣṭa-aśma-kāñcanaḥ + tulya-priya-apriyaḥ + dhīraḥ + tulya-nindā-ātma-saṃstutiḥ
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| सम-दुःख-सुखः | sama-duḥkha-sukhaḥ | nominative, bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) | he for whom pain and happiness are the same. |
| स्व-स्थः | sva-sthaḥ | nominative | settled in his own place. sva (स्व) "his own," stha (स्थ) "standing." |
| सम-लोष्ट-अश्म-काञ्चनः | sama-loṣṭa-aśma-kāñcanaḥ | nominative, bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) | he for whom a clod, a stone, and gold are the same. loṣṭa (लोष्ट) is a clod. aśman (अश्मन्) is a stone. kāñcana (काञ्चन) is gold. |
| तुल्य-प्रिय-अप्रियः | tulya-priya-apriyaḥ | nominative, bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) | he for whom the pleasant and the unpleasant are equal. |
| धीरः | dhīraḥ | nominative | steady. |
| तुल्य-निन्दा-आत्म-संस्तुतिः | tulya-nindā-ātma-saṃstutiḥ | nominative, bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) | he for whom blame and praise of himself are equal. nindā (निन्दा) is blame. saṃstuti (संस्तुति) is praise. |
The phrases
sama-duḥkha-sukhaḥ sva-sthaḥ sama-loṣṭa-aśma-kāñcanaḥ (सम-दुःख-सुखः स्व-स्थः सम-लोष्ट-अश्म-काञ्चनः) is the first row of names for the same man. The same in pain and in happiness, settled in his own place, the same toward a clod, a stone, and gold. Each nominative names him. The pairs are inside the compounds.
tulya-priya-apriyaḥ dhīraḥ tulya-nindā-ātma-saṃstutiḥ (तुल्य-प्रिय-अप्रियः धीरः तुल्य-निन्दा-आत्म-संस्तुतिः) is the second row. The same toward pleasant and unpleasant, steady, the same toward blame and toward praise of himself. dhīraḥ (धीरः) is a plain adjective. The others are bahuvrīhis. The verse still has no finite verb. "Is" is waiting, with the name, at 14.25.
Sanskrit in this line
A bahuvrīhi names the man, and the things he holds equal stay inside the compound. sama-duḥkha-sukhaḥ (सम-दुःख-सुखः) is one nominative singular. Pain and happiness are not the subject. If you take them out and make them nominatives of their own, the verse has a list of objects and has lost the person Arjuna (अर्जुन) asked about.
Say it back
Cover the English. Give the pairs he holds as the same. If loṣṭa (लोष्ट) drops out of the clod, the stone, and the gold, stay here.