15.2
अधश्चोर्ध्वं प्रसृतास्तस्य शाखा
गुणप्रवृद्धा विषयप्रवालाः ।
अधश्च मूलान्यनुसन्ततानि
कर्मानुबन्धीनि मनुष्यलोके ॥
adhaś cordhvaṃ prasṛtās tasya śākhā guṇapravṛddhā viṣayapravālāḥ
adhaś ca mūlāny anusantatāni karmānubandhīni manuṣyaloke
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) continues, and the quarters lengthen to eleven while the tree grows. Meter: triṣṭubh (त्रिष्टुभ्). Four quarters, eleven syllables each, forty-four in the verse.
The verse
Its branches spread downward and upward, grown by the guṇa (गुण), with sense-objects as their shoots, and roots stretch below, tied to action, in the world of human beings.
नेपालीमा
यसका हाँगा तल र माथि फैलिन्छन्, गुणले हुर्काएका, इन्द्रियका विषय कोपिला भएका, र जरा तल तन्किएका छन्, कर्ममा बाँधिएका, मनुष्य लोकमा।
Where it sits
The picture gets its growth. The tree is not a diagram with one root and a tidy crown. Branches run both ways, and action in the human world puts down further roots. The axe has not been named.
Split: अधः + च + ऊर्ध्वम् + प्रसृताः + तस्य + शाखाः + गुण-प्रवृद्धाः + विषय-प्रवालाः + अधः + च + मूलानि + अनुसन्ततानि + कर्म-अनुबन्धीनि + मनुष्य-लोके
adhaḥ + ca + ūrdhvam + prasṛtāḥ + tasya + śākhāḥ + guṇa-pravṛddhāḥ + viṣaya-pravālāḥ + adhaḥ + ca + mūlāni + anusantatāni + karma-anubandhīni + manuṣya-loke
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| अधः | adhaḥ | indeclinable | below. Downward. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| ऊर्ध्वम् | ūrdhvam | accusative singular neuter, used as an adverb | upward. |
| प्रसृताः | prasṛtāḥ | nominative plural feminine, past participle of pra-sṛ (प्र-सृ) | spread out. Extended. |
| तस्य | tasya | genitive singular | of it. Of that tree. |
| शाखाः | śākhāḥ | nominative plural | the branches. |
| गुण-प्रवृद्धाः | guṇa-pravṛddhāḥ | nominative plural feminine | grown by the guṇa (गुण). pravṛddha (प्रवृद्ध) is "increased," from pra-vṛdh (प्र-वृध्). |
| विषय-प्रवालाः | viṣaya-pravālāḥ | nominative plural feminine, bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) | whose young shoots are the objects of the senses. pravāla (प्रवाल) is a sprout. |
| अधः | adhaḥ | indeclinable | below. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| मूलानि | mūlāni | nominative plural | roots. |
| अनुसन्ततानि | anusantatāni | nominative plural neuter, past participle of anu-sam-tan (अनु-सम्-तन्) | stretched along. Extended down. |
| कर्म-अनुबन्धीनि | karma-anubandhīni | nominative plural neuter | tied to action. anubandhin (अनुबन्धिन्) is what clings on, what follows as a bond. |
| मनुष्य-लोके | manuṣya-loke | locative singular | in the world of human beings. |
The phrases
adhaḥ ca ūrdhvam prasṛtāḥ tasya śākhāḥ (अधः च ऊर्ध्वम् प्रसृताः तस्य शाखाः) sends the branches both ways. Down and up they are spread. The branches of 15.1 were below. Here they run below and above.
guṇapravṛddhāḥ viṣayapravālāḥ (गुणप्रवृद्धाः विषयप्रवालाः) says what feeds them and what sprouts on them. The guṇa (गुण) make them grow. The shoots are sense-objects. Both words agree with śākhāḥ (शाखाः), feminine plural.
adhaḥ ca mūlāni anusantatāni karmānubandhīni manuṣyaloke (अधः च मूलानि अनुसन्ततानि कर्मानुबन्धीनि मनुष्यलोके) is a second root-system. Roots stretch downward, in the world of men, and they are bound to action. 15.1 had put the root above. These are roots sent down.
Sanskrit in this line
अधः + च + ऊर्ध्वम् adhaḥ + ca + ūrdhvam is recited adhaś cordhvam (अधश्चोर्ध्वम्). Visarga before the voiceless c (च्) becomes ś (श्), so अधः + च adhaḥ + ca is adhaś ca (अधश् च). Then अ + ऊ a + ū becomes o (ओ), so च + ऊर्ध्वम् ca + ūrdhvam is cordhvam (चोर्ध्वम्). The second अधः + च adhaḥ + ca in this verse stops there: adhaś ca mūlāni (अधश्च मूलानि). Nothing after ca (च) begins with ū (ऊ), so there is no o (ओ).
Say it back
Branches both ways, and roots down in the world of men. If manuṣya-loke (मनुष्य-लोके) is left out, the second roots have no ground. Stay here.