15.17
उत्तमः पुरुषस्त्वन्यः
परमात्मेत्युधाहृतः ।
यो लोकत्रयमाविश्य
बिभर्त्यव्यय ईश्वरः ॥
uttamaḥ puruṣas tv anyaḥ paramātmety udāhṛtaḥ
yo lokatrayam āviśya bibharty avyaya īśvaraḥ
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) continues, and anyaḥ (अन्यः) means other than the two of 15.16.
The verse
But the highest person is another, declared the supreme self, who, having entered the three worlds, supports them, the imperishable lord.
नेपालीमा
तर उत्तम पुरुष अर्कै हो, परम आत्मा भनेर भनिएको, जसले तीन लोकमा पसेर तिनलाई धान्छ, अविनाशी प्रभु।
Where it sits
The two of 15.16 are not the end of the count. A third enters the worlds and bears them. īśvaraḥ (ईश्वरः) in 15.8 took a body and left it with the senses. This īśvaraḥ (ईश्वरः) bears the three worlds and does not perish. The name puruṣottama (पुरुषोत्तम) is earned in the next verse.
Split: उत्तमः + पुरुषः + तु + अन्यः + परम-आत्मा + इति + उदाहृतः + यः + लोक-त्रयम् + आविश्य + बिभर्ति + अव्ययः + ईश्वरः
uttamaḥ + puruṣaḥ + tu + anyaḥ + parama-ātmā + iti + udāhṛtaḥ + yaḥ + loka-trayam + āviśya + bibharti + avyayaḥ + īśvaraḥ
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| उत्तमः | uttamaḥ | nominative singular | highest. Supreme. |
| पुरुषः | puruṣaḥ | nominative singular | the person. |
| तु | tu | indeclinable | but. |
| अन्यः | anyaḥ | nominative singular | another. Other. |
| परम-आत्मा | parama-ātmā | nominative of ātman (आत्मन्) | the supreme self. |
| इति | iti | indeclinable | thus. It marks the name just said. |
| उदाहृतः | udāhṛtaḥ | nominative singular, past participle of उत्-आ-हृ ut-ā-hṛ | declared. Called aloud. |
| यः | yaḥ | nominative singular | who. |
| लोक-त्रयम् | loka-trayam | accusative singular | the three worlds. The verse does not name the three. |
| आविश्य | āviśya | gerund of ā-viś (आ-विश्) | having entered. |
| बिभर्ति | bibharti | present, 3rd singular of bhṛ (भृ) | supports. Bears. |
| अव्ययः | avyayaḥ | nominative singular | imperishable. |
| ईश्वरः | īśvaraḥ | nominative singular | the lord. Here the one who bears the three worlds. The īśvara (ईश्वर) of 15.8 is the life that enters a body. |
The phrases
uttamaḥ puruṣaḥ tu anyaḥ (उत्तमः पुरुषः तु अन्यः) opens the third. But the highest person is another. पुरुषः + तु puruṣaḥ + tu is puruṣas tu (पुरुषस् तु), visarga before voiceless t (त्) becoming s (स्). तु + अन्यः tu + anyaḥ is tv anyaḥ (त्वन्यः).
paramātmā iti udāhṛtaḥ (परमात्मा इति उदाहृतः) is the name he is given. Declared "the supreme self." परमात्मा + इति paramātmā + iti is paramātmeti (परमात्मेति), आ + इ ā + i becoming e (ए). इति + उदाहृतः iti + udāhṛtaḥ is ity udāhṛtaḥ (इत्युदाहृतः), i (इ) before u (उ) becoming y (य्). The line is परमात्मेत्युधाहृतः paramātmetyudāhṛtaḥ.
यः लोकत्रयम् आविश्य बिभर्ति अव्ययः ईश्वरः yaḥ lokatrayam āviśya bibharti avyayaḥ īśvaraḥ is what this other one does. Who, having entered the three worlds, supports them, the imperishable lord. यः + लोक yaḥ + loka is yo loka (यो लोक). बिभर्ति + अव्ययः bibharti + avyayaḥ is bibharty avyayaḥ (बिभर्त्यव्ययः). अव्ययः + ईश्वरः avyayaḥ + īśvaraḥ drops the visarga before ī (ई): avyaya īśvaraḥ (अव्यय ईश्वरः).
Sanskrit in this line
bibharti (बिभर्ति) is the present of bhṛ (भृ) "bear." The root reduplicates: bhṛ (भृ) becomes bibhar (बिभर्), and the ending is --ti (ति). āviśya (आविश्य) is again the prefixed gerund, --ya (य), and its subject is yaḥ (यः), the same subject as bibharti (बिभर्ति).
Say it back
That he is another, and that he bears the three worlds. If he is folded back into one of the two, stay here.