17.5
अशास्त्रविहितं घोरं तप्यन्ते ये तपो जनाः ।
दम्भाहंकारसंयुक्ताः कामरागबलान्विताः ॥
aśāstravihitaṃ ghoraṃ tapyante ye tapo janāḥ
dambhāhaṃkārasaṃyuktāḥ kāmarāgabalānvitāḥ
śrībhagavān (श्रीभगवान्) is still speaking. A further group comes in, and the sentence runs into 17.6.
The verse
People heat themselves in a fierce austerity the शास्त्र has not ordained, joined to show and the I-sense, and carried by the force of desire and passion.
नेपालीमा
मानिसहरू शास्त्रले नतोकेको उग्र तपमा आफूलाई तताउँछन्, देखावट र म भन्ने भावमा जोडिएका, इच्छा र रागको बलले लगिएका।
Where it sits
The three worships are in place. This is a fourth picture, and it is still inside the question of 17.1: practice that has left the ordinance. The sentence is not finished. 17.6 says what to call them, and it puts Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) inside the body they are wearing down.
Split: अ-शास्त्र-विहितम् + घोरम् + तप्यन्ते + ये + तपः + जनाः + दम्भ-अहंकार-संयुक्ताः + काम-राग-बल-अन्विताः
a-śāstra-vihitam + ghoram + tapyante + ye + tapaḥ + janāḥ + dambha-ahaṃkāra-saṃyuktāḥ + kāma-rāga-bala-anvitāḥ
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| अ-शास्त्र-विहितम् | a-śāstra-vihitam | accusative singular neuter | not ordained by the śāstra (शास्त्र). vihita (विहित) is "laid down." The a- (अ-) reverses it. Agrees with tapaḥ (तपः). |
| घोरम् | ghoram | accusative singular neuter | fierce. Agrees with tapaḥ (तपः). |
| तप्यन्ते | tapyante | present, 3rd plural, middle | they heat themselves. They practice austerity. From tap (तप्). |
| ये | ye | nominative plural | who. |
| तपः | tapaḥ | accusative singular | austerity. tapas (तपस्). |
| जनाः | janāḥ | nominative plural | people. |
| दम्भ-अहंकार-संयुक्ताः | dambha-ahaṃkāra-saṃyuktāḥ | nominative plural | joined with show and with the making of "I." dambha (दम्भ) is ostentation. ahaṃkāra (अहंकार) is the I-sense. |
| काम-राग-बल-अन्विताः | kāma-rāga-bala-anvitāḥ | nominative plural | accompanied by the force of desire and passion. kāma (काम) desire, rāga (राग) passion, bala (बल) force. |
The phrases
aśāstravihitam ghoram tapaḥ (अशास्त्रविहितम् घोरम् तपः) is the austerity. Fierce, and not laid down by the ordinance. Both adjectives are neuter, with tapaḥ (तपः). This is the leaving of śāstravidhi (शास्त्रविधि) from 17.1, now as a practice done on one's own body.
tapyante ye janāḥ (तप्यन्ते ये जनाः) is the verb and the people. The middle voice is their own heating. They are doing it to themselves.
dambhāhaṃkārasaṃyuktāḥ kāmarāgabalānvitāḥ (दम्भाहंकारसंयुक्ताः कामरागबलान्विताः) tells the company they keep while they do it. Show, the I-sense, and the force of desire and passion. The two long nominatives agree with janāḥ (जनाः).
Sanskrit in this line
तपः + जनाः tapaḥ + janāḥ is recited tapo janāḥ (तपो जनाः). aḥ (अः) before a voiced consonant becomes o (ओ). The austerity and the people stay two words. The o (ओ) is only the visarga meeting j (ज्).
Say it back
Fierce, unordained, and the two compounds of show and desire. If aśāstravihitam (अशास्त्रविहितम्) comes out as ordained by the शास्त्र, stay here.