17.11
अफलाङ्क्षिभिर्यज्ञो विधिदृष्टो य इज्यते ।
यष्टव्यमेवेति मनः समाधाय स सात्त्विकः ॥
aphalāṅkṣibhir yajño vidhidṛṣṭo ya ijyate
yaṣṭavyam eveti manaḥ samādhāya sa sāttvikaḥ
śrībhagavān (श्रीभगवान्) is still speaking. Sacrifice is sorted, beginning with the clear strand.
The verse
The sacrifice offered as the ordinance sees it, by people who do not long for a fruit, the mind set on "this is simply to be offered," is the one of सत्त्व.
नेपालीमा
फलको चाहना नगर्ने मानिसले, विधिले देखेजसरी, यो त चढाउनु मात्र हो भन्ने मन राखेर गरेको यज्ञ सत्त्वको हो।
Where it sits
Food is finished. The bheda (भेद) of sacrifice, promised in 17.7, starts here. The clear sacrifice is known by the ordinance, by the absence of a fruit in the aim, and by the thought that offering itself is the whole of it. Show and a missed rule come next.
Split: अ-फल-आङ्क्षिभिः + यज्ञः + विधि-दृष्टः + यः + इज्यते + यष्टव्यम् + एव + इति + मनः + समाधाय + सः + सात्त्विकः
a-phala-āṅkṣibhiḥ + yajñaḥ + vidhi-dṛṣṭaḥ + yaḥ + ijyate + yaṣṭavyam + eva + iti + manaḥ + samādhāya + saḥ + sāttvikaḥ
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| अ-फल-आङ्क्षिभिः | a-phala-āṅkṣibhiḥ | instrumental plural | by those who do not long for the fruit. phala (फल) "fruit." At 17.17 the same word is written aphalākāṅkṣibhiḥ (अफलाकाङ्क्षिभिः), with kā (का). |
| यज्ञः | yajñaḥ | nominative singular | the sacrifice. |
| विधि-दृष्टः | vidhi-dṛṣṭaḥ | nominative singular | as the ordinance sees it. vidhi (विधि) "rule," dṛṣṭa (दृष्ट) "seen." Agrees with yajñaḥ (यज्ञः). |
| यः | yaḥ | nominative singular | which. |
| इज्यते | ijyate | present passive, 3rd singular | is offered. From yaj (यज्). |
| यष्टव्यम् | yaṣṭavyam | nominative singular neuter | to be offered. The gerundive of yaj (यज्): it ought to be offered. |
| एव | eva | indeclinable | just, only. |
| इति | iti | indeclinable | thus. It quotes the thought. |
| मनः | manaḥ | accusative singular | the mind. manas (मनस्). |
| समाधाय | samādhāya | gerund | having set down. sam (सम्) and ā (आ) with dhā (धा). |
| सः | saḥ | nominative singular | that. The sacrifice. |
| सात्त्विकः | sāttvikaḥ | nominative singular | of the clear strand. Agrees with yajñaḥ (यज्ञः). |
The phrases
aphalāṅkṣibhiḥ yajñaḥ vidhidṛṣṭaḥ yaḥ ijyate (अफलाङ्क्षिभिः यज्ञः विधिदृष्टः यः इज्यते) is the offering and who offers it. The sacrifice which is offered, as the rule sees it, by people who do not long for a fruit. The instrumental is the people. The nominative yajñaḥ (यज्ञः) is the subject of the passive ijyate (इज्यते).
यष्टव्यम् एव इति मनः समाधाय yaṣṭavyam eva iti manaḥ samādhāya is the thought the mind is set on. "It is simply to be offered." iti (इति) quotes यष्टव्यम् एव yaṣṭavyam eva. Nothing about a result is inside the quotation.
saḥ sāttvikaḥ (सः सात्त्विकः) classifies that sacrifice. The clear one.
Sanskrit in this line
अफलाङ्क्षिभिः + यज्ञः aphalāṅkṣibhiḥ + yajñaḥ is recited aphalāṅkṣibhir yajñaḥ (अफलाङ्क्षिभिर्यज्ञः). iḥ (इः) before a voiced consonant becomes ir (इर्). The r (र्) is the visarga. This line writes the people as aphalāṅkṣibhiḥ (अफलाङ्क्षिभिः). 17.17 writes the same word with the syllable kā (का) kept: aphalākāṅkṣibhiḥ (अफलाकाङ्क्षिभिः). Teach this line as it stands.
Say it back
Offered because it is to be offered. If yaṣṭavyam (यष्टव्यम्) is replaced by a fruit, stay here.