18.7
नियतस्य तु संन्यासः
कर्मणो नोपपद्यते ।
मोहात्तस्य परित्यागस्
तामसः परिकीर्तितः ॥
niyatasya tu saṃnyāsaḥ karmaṇo nopapadyate
mohāt tasya parityāgas tāmasaḥ parikīrtitaḥ
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन). The three kinds promised at 18.4 begin here, with the lowest.
The verse
Renunciation of appointed action does not fit, and abandonment of it from delusion is declared to be of tamas (तमस्).
नेपालीमा
नियत कर्मको संन्यास मिल्दैन, र मोहबाट त्यसलाई त्याग्नु तमस्को भनिन्छ।
Where it sits
The three kinds of tyāga (त्याग) start at the bottom: dropping the appointed act from delusion is the dark kind. 18.8 is the next kind up, and that same appointed act is what he will tell him to do at 18.9.
Split: नियतस्य + तु + संन्यासः + कर्मणः + न + उपपद्यते + मोहात् + तस्य + परि-त्यागः + तामसः + परिकीर्तितः
niyatasya + tu + saṃnyāsaḥ + karmaṇaḥ + na + upapadyate + mohāt + tasya + pari-tyāgaḥ + tāmasaḥ + parikīrtitaḥ
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| नियतस्य | niyatasya | genitive singular of niyata (नियत) | of the appointed. Of the action that is his to do. |
| तु | tu | indeclinable | but. |
| संन्यासः | saṃnyāsaḥ | nominative singular | renunciation. The laying down. |
| कर्मणः | karmaṇaḥ | genitive singular of karman (कर्मन्) | of action. |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| उपपद्यते | upapadyate | present, 3rd singular, middle of upa-pad (उप-पद्) | it is fitting. It arises as proper. |
| मोहात् | mohāt | ablative singular of moha (मोह) | from delusion. |
| तस्य | tasya | genitive singular | of that. Of that appointed action. |
| परि-त्यागः | parityāgaḥ | nominative singular | the full abandonment. |
| तामसः | tāmasaḥ | nominative singular | of tamas (तमस्). Dark. |
| परिकीर्तितः | parikīrtitaḥ | nominative singular, past participle | is declared. |
The phrases
niyatasya karmaṇaḥ saṃnyāsaḥ (नियतस्य कर्मणः संन्यासः) is the laying down of appointed action. na upapadyate (न उपपद्यते) says it does not fit. karmaṇaḥ na (कर्मणः न) is recited karmaṇo na (कर्मणो न), and न + उपपद्यते na + upapadyate is nopapadyate (नोपपद्यते).
mohāt tasya pari-tyāgaḥ (मोहात् तस्य परि-त्यागः) is the abandonment that comes from delusion. tāmasaḥ parikīrtitaḥ (तामसः परिकीर्तितः) names its kind. pari-tyāgaḥ tāmasaḥ (परि-त्यागः तामसः) is recited across the quarter break as parityāgas tāmasaḥ (परित्यागस् तामसः). aḥ (अः) before t (त्) becomes as (अस्).
Sanskrit in this line
mohāt (मोहात्) is ablative, and the ablative answers "from." The abandonment comes from delusion. That is a cause, not a place. niyatasya karmaṇaḥ (नियतस्य कर्मणः) are two genitives on one noun, saṃnyāsaḥ (संन्यासः): "renunciation of action, of the appointed one." tasya (तस्य) in the next line points back at that same action. The genitive is "of," the ablative is "from," and the verse needs both.
Say it back
Cover the English. Say which action is laid down, and from what. If mohāt (मोहात्) comes out as "in delusion," the case has slipped. Stay here.