18.10
न द्वेष्ट्यकुशलं कर्म
कुशले नानुषज्जते ।
त्यागी सत्त्वसमाविष्टो
मेधावी छिन्नसंशयः ॥
na dveṣṭy akuśalaṃ karma kuśale nānuṣajjate
tyāgī sattvasamāviṣṭo medhāvī chinnasaṃśayaḥ
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन). The verse has the relinquishers of 18.9 in view. The second line has no finite verb. The first line's verbs are his.
The verse
The relinquisher filled with sattva (सत्त्व) does not hate the unwelcome action and does not cling to the welcome one; he is intelligent, his doubt cut.
नेपालीमा
सत्त्वले भरिएको त्यागीले नचाहिने कर्मलाई घृणा गर्दैन र चाहिने कर्ममा टाँसिँदैन। ऊ बुद्धिमान् छ, उसको शङ्का काटिएको छ।
Where it sits
18.9 named the relinquishment, and this verse names the man: the act that goes badly is not hated, the act that goes well is not clung to, and the doubt is cut. 18.11 will say why he cannot simply stop acting.
Split: न + द्वेष्टि + अकुशलम् + कर्म + कुशले + न + अनुषज्जते + त्यागी + सत्त्व-समाविष्टः + मेधावी + छिन्न-संशयः
na + dveṣṭi + akuśalam + karma + kuśale + na + anuṣajjate + tyāgī + sattva-samāviṣṭaḥ + medhāvī + chinna-saṃśayaḥ
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| द्वेष्टि | dveṣṭi | present, 3rd singular of dviṣ (द्विष्) | he hates. |
| अकुशलम् | akuśalam | accusative singular neuter | the unwelcome one. The act that does not go well. Agrees with karma (कर्म). |
| कर्म | karma | accusative singular | action. |
| कुशले | kuśale | locative singular neuter | in the welcome one. In the act that goes well. |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| अनुषज्जते | anuṣajjate | present, 3rd singular, middle of anu-sañj (अनु-सञ्ज्) | he clings. He sticks to it. |
| त्यागी | tyāgī | nominative singular of tyāgin (त्यागिन्) | the relinquisher. |
| सत्त्व-समाविष्टः | sattva-samāviṣṭaḥ | nominative singular | filled with sattva (सत्त्व). Entered by it. |
| मेधावी | medhāvī | nominative singular of medhāvin (मेधाविन्) | the intelligent one. medhā (मेधा) is the grasp that holds. |
| छिन्न-संशयः | chinna-saṃśayaḥ | nominative singular, bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) | one whose doubt is cut. |
The phrases
na dveṣṭi akuśalam karma (न द्वेष्टि अकुशलम् कर्म) is the first refusal. He does not hate the action that goes badly. dveṣṭi akuśalam (द्वेष्टि अकुशलम्) is recited dveṣṭy akuśalam (द्वेष्ट्यकुशलम्). इ + अ i + a becomes ya (य).
kuśale na anuṣajjate (कुशले न अनुषज्जते) is the second. He does not cling when the action goes well. न + अनुषज्जते na + anuṣajjate is nānuṣajjate (नानुषज्जते).
tyāgī sattva-samāviṣṭaḥ (त्यागी सत्त्व-समाविष्टः) is the man, filled with sattva (सत्त्व). medhāvī chinna-saṃśayaḥ (मेधावी छिन्न-संशयः) are two more names for him. sattva-samāviṣṭaḥ medhāvī (सत्त्व-समाविष्टः मेधावी) is recited across the quarter as sattvasamāviṣṭo medhāvī (सत्त्वसमाविष्टो मेधावी).
Sanskrit in this line
dveṣṭi (द्वेष्टि) takes the accusative: he hates the action. anuṣajjate (अनुषज्जते) takes the locative: he clings in the welcome one, he sticks there. The two verbs do not take the same case. akuśalam karma (अकुशलम् कर्म) is what is hated, in the accusative. kuśale (कुशले) is where he would cling, in the locative. Swap the cases and the sentence breaks. na (न) stands with each verb, once each.
Say it back
Cover the English. Say what he does not hate and what he does not cling to. If both are accusative, stay here.