18.49
असक्तबुद्धिः सर्वत्र
जितात्मा विगतस्पृहः ।
नैष्कर्म्यसिद्धिं परमां
संन्यासेनाधिगच्छति ॥
asaktabuddhiḥ sarvatra jitātmā vigataspṛhaḥ
naiṣkarmyasiddhiṃ paramāṃ saṃnyāsenādhigacchati
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन).
The verse
The man whose buddhi is unattached everywhere, whose self is conquered, and whose longing has gone, attains by renunciation the supreme success of freedom from action.
नेपालीमा
जसको बुद्धि सबैतिर अनासक्त छ, जसले आत्मालाई जितेको छ, र जसको चाहना गएको छ, त्यो मानिस संन्यासद्वारा कर्मरहित हुने परम सिद्धि पाउँछ।
Where it sits
Past the success of one's own work stands naiṣkarmya-siddhi (नैष्कर्म्य-सिद्धि), reached by the renunciation of the man who no longer clings, and the next verse tells the highest standing of that knowledge.
Split: असक्त-बुद्धिः + सर्वत्र + जित-आत्मा + विगत-स्पृहः + नैष्कर्म्य-सिद्धिम् + परमाम् + संन्यासेन + अधिगच्छति
asakta-buddhiḥ + sarvatra + jita-ātmā + vigata-spṛhaḥ + naiṣkarmya-siddhim + paramām + saṃnyāsena + adhigacchati
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| असक्त-बुद्धिः | asakta-buddhiḥ | nominative, bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) | one whose buddhi is unattached. asakta (असक्त) is "not clinging." |
| सर्वत्र | sarvatra | indeclinable | everywhere. |
| जित-आत्मा | jita-ātmā | nominative, bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) | one whose self is conquered. jita (जित) is "conquered." ātmā (आत्मा) is the nominative of ātman (आत्मन्) at the end of this compound. |
| विगत-स्पृहः | vigata-spṛhaḥ | nominative, bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) | one whose longing has gone. spṛhā (स्पृहा) is longing. |
| नैष्कर्म्य-सिद्धिम् | naiṣkarmya-siddhim | accusative | the success that is freedom from action. naiṣkarmya (नैष्कर्म्य) is the state of being without action that binds. |
| परमाम् | paramām | accusative feminine | supreme. Agrees with siddhim (सिद्धिम्). |
| संन्यासेन | saṃnyāsena | instrumental | by renunciation. saṃnyāsa (संन्यास) is the laying down. |
| अधिगच्छति | adhigacchati | present, 3rd singular | he reaches, he attains. From adhi-gam (अधि-गम्). |
The phrases
asaktabuddhiḥ sarvatra jitātmā vigataspṛhaḥ (असक्तबुद्धिः सर्वत्र जितात्मा विगतस्पृहः) is one man, three compounds. Unattached in his buddhi, everywhere. Self conquered. Longing gone. Read each compound from the end.
naiṣkarmyasiddhiṃ paramāṃ saṃnyāsenādhigacchati (नैष्कर्म्यसिद्धिं परमां संन्यासेनाधिगच्छति) is what he reaches, and by what. The supreme success of freedom from binding action, and the instrument is saṃnyāsa (संन्यास).
Sanskrit in this line
A bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) is read from the end. asakta-buddhiḥ (असक्त-बुद्धिः) is not "unattached buddhi" as the subject. It is the man whose buddhi is unattached. jita-ātmā (जित-आत्मा) and vigata-spṛhaḥ (विगत-स्पृहः) are the same kind of compound, and all three are nominative, one person, the subject of adhigacchati (अधिगच्छति).
Say it back
Cover the English. Say the three compounds, then what he attains. If naiṣkarmya (नैष्कर्म्य) comes out as "he stops doing his own work," stay here.