1.1
Tattvārtha Sūtra / Adhyāya 1 / 1.1
सम्यग्दर्शनज्ञानचारित्राणि मोक्षमार्गः
samyagdarśanajñānacāritrāṇi mokṣamārgaḥ
The line
Right seeing, right knowing, and right conduct are the path of release.
नेपालीमा
सही देख्नु, सही जान्नु र सही आचरण गर्नु मोक्षको बाटो हुन्।
Where it sits
This is the door of the Tattvārtha-sūtra (तत्त्वार्थ-सूत्र). The next line says what right seeing is. The line after that says where right seeing comes from. Adhyāya (अध्याय) 1 will then name the seven tattvas (तत्त्व) that right seeing trusts. The wording of this line is shared. Śvetāmbara (श्वेताम्बर) and Digambara (दिगम्बर) both read samyagdarśanajñānacāritrāṇi (सम्यग्दर्शनज्ञानचारित्राणि) mokṣamārgaḥ (मोक्षमार्गः). The differing totals come from later verse boundaries. A Śvetāmbara (श्वेताम्बर) book is counted at 375 sūtras (सूत्र). A Digambara (दिगम्बर) book is counted at 357. This pāṭha (पाठ) has 359. Adhyāya (अध्याय) 1 is the Śvetāmbara (श्वेताम्बर) 35, which keeps 1.21, dvividho 'vadhiḥ (द्विविधोऽवधिः), and 1.35, ādyaśabdau (आद्यशब्दौ) dvitribhedau (द्वित्रिभेदौ), two lines the Sarvārthasiddhi (सर्वार्थसिद्धि) leaves out of its own sūtras (सूत्र). The Digambara (दिगम्बर) first adhyāya (अध्याय) has 33. Adhyāyas (अध्याय) 2–10 are the Digambara (दिगम्बर) 324. Thirty-three and 324 make 357. Thirty-five and 324 make 359. The further lines of a Śvetāmbara (श्वेताम्बर) 375 sit in later adhyāyas (अध्याय) of that recension. From Adhyāya (अध्याय) 2 on, this file follows the Digambara (दिगम्बर) pāṭha (पाठ).
Split: samyag-darśana-jñāna-cāritrāṇi (सम्यग्-दर्शन-ज्ञान-चारित्राणि) + mokṣa-mārgaḥ (मोक्ष-मार्गः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| samyag-darśana-jñāna-cāritrāṇi (सम्यग्-दर्शन-ज्ञान-चारित्राणि) | nominative plural, neuter | right seeing, right knowing, and right conduct. A dvandva (द्वन्द्व), read from the end: three things named as one list. samyak (सम्यक्) is right, as it really is. darśana (दर्शन) is seeing. jñāna (ज्ञान) is knowing. cāritra (चारित्र) is conduct. |
| mokṣa-mārgaḥ (मोक्ष-मार्गः) | nominative singular, masculine | the path of mokṣa (मोक्ष), release. |
The phrases
Two nominatives, and no verb. That is how a sūtra (सूत्र) says A is B. The plural samyagdarśanajñānacāritrāṇi (सम्यग्दर्शनज्ञानचारित्राणि) is the subject. mokṣamārgaḥ (मोक्षमार्गः) is what it is.
The three stand together. The line does not say that seeing alone is the path, or conduct alone. Anuvṛtti (अनुवृत्ति) has not begun. This is the first line.
Sanskrit in this line
A dvandva (द्वन्द्व) of three neuter nouns takes a neuter plural ending on the last member only. darśana (दर्शन), jñāna (ज्ञान), and cāritra (चारित्र) have no endings of their own inside the compound. The -āṇi (-आणि) belongs to the whole list.
Say it back
Cover the English. Say the three, in order, and say what they are together.