1.12
Tattvārtha Sūtra / Adhyāya 1 / 1.12
प्रत्यक्षमन्यत्
pratyakṣam anyat
The line
What remains of the five is immediate knowing.
नेपालीमा
पाँचमध्ये बाँकी प्रत्यक्ष जान्नु हो।
Where it sits
1.9 through 1.12 are one argument. Five knowledges become two means, and Nyāya (न्याय)'s four are a different division. From 1.13 the book takes up mati (मति) and the nayas (नय), and those lines have sittings.
Split: pratyakṣam (प्रत्यक्षम्) + anyat (अन्यत्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| pratyakṣam (प्रत्यक्षम्) | nominative singular, neuter | the immediate, what is before the eye. In this book that means knowing with no sense standing in between. |
| anyat (अन्यत्) | nominative singular, neuter | the other, the rest. avadhi (अवधि), manaḥparyaya (मनःपर्यय), and kevala (केवल). |
The phrases
anyat (अन्यत्) is the subject, the remainder of the five. pratyakṣam (प्रत्यक्षम्) is what that remainder is. Both are singular: the rest, taken as the other pramāṇa (प्रमाण).
So the Jain pratyakṣa (प्रत्यक्ष) is avadhi (अवधि), manaḥparyaya (मनःपर्यय), and kevala (केवल). Ordinary seeing and hearing stay in 1.11, under parokṣa (परोक्ष). Hold that until it is dull. It is the point of these two lines.
Sanskrit in this line
anyat (अन्यत्) is the nominative singular neuter of anya (अन्य). It picks up 'the ones not named in 1.11.' The singular pratyakṣam (प्रत्यक्षम्) matches 1.10's way of speaking: one of the two pramāṇas (प्रमाण).
Say it back
Put the five under the two headings, from memory.