1.11
Tattvārtha Sūtra / Adhyāya 1 / 1.11
आद्ये परोक्षे
ādye parokṣe
The line
The first two knowledges are mediate.
नेपालीमा
पहिला दुई ज्ञान परोक्ष हुन्।
Where it sits
1.10 said there are two pramāṇas (प्रमाण) and did not name them. This line names the first: parokṣa (परोक्ष), and assigns mati (मति) and śruta (श्रुत) to it. 1.12 gives the other one, pratyakṣa (प्रत्यक्ष), to the remaining three.
Split: ādye (आद्ये) + parokṣe (परोक्षे)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| ādye (आद्ये) | nominative dual, neuter | the first two. ādi (आदि) is the beginning. The dual says: the first pair of the five in 1.9, mati (मति) and śruta (श्रुत). |
| parokṣe (परोक्षे) | nominative dual, neuter | mediate, not in front of the eye. para (पर) is beyond, akṣa (अक्ष) is the eye. Knowing that goes through a medium. |
The phrases
Two duals. ādye (आद्ये) is the subject, parokṣe (परोक्षे) is what they are. No verb.
This parokṣa (परोक्ष) is not Nyāya (न्याय)'s map. In Nyāya (न्याय), perception is pratyakṣa (प्रत्यक्ष) and inference is not. Here the sensory mati (मति) itself is parokṣa (परोक्ष), because a sense stands between the soul and the object. Śruta (श्रुत) rides on mati (मति), so it is mediate too.
Sanskrit in this line
The electronic copy had written adye parokṣam (अद्ये परोक्षम्), with the vowels short and the second word in the singular. The line is two duals, ādye parokṣe (आद्ये परोक्षे). Dual -e (-ए) on both words is the agreement.
Say it back
Which two of the five are parokṣa (परोक्ष), and why is sensory knowing on that side?