1.6
Tattvārtha Sūtra / Adhyāya 1 / 1.6
प्रमाणनयैरधिगमः
pramāṇanayair adhigamaḥ
The line
The learning of it is by means of knowing and by standpoints.
नेपालीमा
त्यसको सिकाइ जान्ने साधनले र नयले हुन्छ।
Where it sits
1.3 said right seeing can come from adhigama (अधिगम). 1.6 says what that learning uses. 1.9 will list five kinds of knowing, and 1.10 will call them pramāṇa (प्रमाण).
Split: pramāṇa-nayais (प्रमाण-नयैस्) + adhigamaḥ (अधिगमः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| pramāṇa-nayais (प्रमाण-नयैस्) | instrumental plural, masculine | by pramāṇas (प्रमाण) and by nayas (नय). pramāṇa (प्रमाण) is a means of knowing. naya (नय) is a standpoint, a way of taking one part of a thing. The ending -ais (-ऐस्) is 'by means of,' and it covers both members of the dvandva (द्वन्द्व). |
| adhigamaḥ (अधिगमः) | nominative singular, masculine | the reaching, the learning. The same word as the ablative adhigamāt (अधिगमात्) in 1.3. |
The phrases
adhigamaḥ (अधिगमः) is the subject. The instrumental says what it is done by.
A pramāṇa (प्रमाण) is for the thing as a whole, in the way this school uses the word. A naya (नय) is for one side of it. 1.34, later in this adhyāya (अध्याय), lists seven nayas (नय). This line only names the pair.
Sanskrit in this line
The instrumental plural -ais (-ऐस्) is the case of 'by.' Sandhi before a vowel writes it -air (-ऐर्) in pramāṇanayair (प्रमाणनयैर्). One ending, two tools.
Say it back
What is a naya (नय) doing that a pramāṇa (प्रमाण) is not?
Next
1.7. The teaching of a thing is by definition, ownership, means, place, duration, and division.