7.10
Tattvārtha Sūtra / Adhyāya 7 / 7.10
दुःखमेव वा
duḥkham eva vā
The line
Pain just or.
Where it sits
In Tattvārtha (तत्त्वार्थ) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 7. The vows. The line is short. hiṃsā-diṣva (हिंसा-दिष्व) from 7.9 is still in force. A sūtra (सूत्र) leaves a word out when the line before still holds it. That carrying is anuvṛtti (अनुवृत्ति).
Split: duḥkham (दुःखम्) + eva (एव) + vā (वा)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| duḥkham (दुःखम्) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | pain |
| eva (एव) | indeclinable | only, just |
| vā (वा) | indeclinable | or |
The phrases
duḥkham (दुःखम्) is pain. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. eva (एव) is only, just. It stands as indeclinable.
vā (वा) is or. It stands as indeclinable.
Sanskrit in this line
duḥkham (दुःखम्) is nominative or accusative singular, neuter. That ending is the work an English preposition would do.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss duḥkham (दुःखम्).