1.1.20
Vaiśeṣika Sūtra / Adhyāya 1 / 1.1.20
संयोगविभागवेगानां कर्म समानम्
saṃyogavibhāgavegānāṃ karma samānam
The line
Action is the common cause of conjunction, disjunction, and impetus.
नेपालीमा
कर्म संयोग, विभाग र वेगको साझा कारण हो।
Where it sits
1.1.18 and 1.1.19 gave substance and quality a wide causal reach. Action's reach is this list. 1.1.21 explicitly removes substances from it.
Split: saṃyoga-vibhāga-vegānām (संयोग-विभाग-वेगानाम्) + karma (कर्म) + samānam (समानम्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| saṃyoga-vibhāga-vegānām (संयोग-विभाग-वेगानाम्) | genitive plural, masculine | of conjunction, disjunction, and impetus. vega is the velocity a motion leaves in a thing. |
| karma (कर्म) | nominative singular, neuter | action. |
| samānam (समानम्) | nominative singular, neuter | common. The same job as sāmānyam (सामान्यम्) in 1.1.18. |
The phrases
The predicate 'common cause' is still in force, said now as samānam (समानम्). Action is not the common cause of the three categories. It is the common cause of these three.
A throw produces a conjunction when the thing arrives, a disjunction when it leaves, and an impetus that keeps the motion going after the effort has stopped.
Sanskrit in this line
samāna (समान) and sāmānya (सामान्य) are neighbors, not the same word. Here samānam (समानम्) means 'common to the genitives just named.' vega is not in the seventeen qualities of 1.1.6. Later manuals put it under saṃskāra (संस्कार), disposition. This line simply names it as an effect of action.
Say it back
Three effects of action. Say them.