1.1.31
Vaiśeṣika Sūtra / Adhyāya 1 / 1.1.31
कारणसामान्ये द्रव्यकर्मणां कर्माकारणमुक्तम्
kāraṇasāmānye dravyakarmaṇāṃ karmākāraṇam uktam
The line
In the general account of causes, it has been said that action is not the cause of substances or of actions.
नेपालीमा
कारणको सामान्य कथनमा भनिसकिएको छ कि कर्म द्रव्यको कारण होइन, र कर्मको कारण पनि होइन।
Where it sits
This is the last line of the first āhnika (आह्निक), the first day's lesson of Book 1. The second day's lesson, 1.2, turns to absence, and then to the universal and the particular.
Split: kāraṇa-sāmānye (कारण-सामान्ये) + dravya-karmaṇām (द्रव्य-कर्मणाम्) + karma-akāraṇam (कर्म-अकारणम्) + uktam (उक्तम्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| kāraṇa-sāmānye (कारण-सामान्ये) | locative singular, neuter | in the general account of cause. In the survey just finished. |
| dravya-karmaṇām (द्रव्य-कर्मणाम्) | genitive plural | of substances and of actions. |
| karma-akāraṇam (कर्म-अकारणम्) | nominative singular, neuter | action's being a non-cause. karma (कर्म) is action. akāraṇa (अकारण) is what is not a cause. |
| uktam (उक्तम्) | nominative singular, neuter | has been stated. The past participle of vac, to say. |
The phrases
The first day's lesson closes by pointing back. In this survey, action was said not to be the cause of substances, at 1.1.21, and not to be the cause of actions, at 1.1.11 and 1.1.24.
uktam is the predicate. The content of what was said is karmākāraṇam (कर्माकारणम्), with the genitive naming the things action does not cause.
Sanskrit in this line
A locative can mean 'in the course of, on the topic of.' uktam with a neuter subject is 'it has been said.' The pāṭha (पाठ) joins karma (कर्म) and akāraṇam (अकारणम्). Keep the negation on the cause, not on the action.
Say it back
Two things action does not cause. Which lines said so?