1.1.6
Vaiśeṣika Sūtra / Adhyāya 1 / 1.1.6
रूपरसगन्धस्पर्शाः संख्याः परिमाणानि पृथक्त्वं संयोगविभागौ परत्वापरत्वे बुद्धयः सुखदुःखे इच्छाद्वेषौ प्रयत्नाश् च गुणाः
rūparasagandhasparśāḥ saṃkhyāḥ parimāṇāni pṛthaktvaṃ saṃyogavibhāgau paratvāparatve buddhayaḥ sukhaduḥkhe icchādveṣau prayatnāś ca guṇāḥ
The line
Color, taste, smell, touch, numbers, measures, separateness, conjunction and disjunction, farness and nearness, cognitions, pleasure and pain, desire and aversion, and efforts are the qualities.
नेपालीमा
रूप, रस, गन्ध, स्पर्श, सङ्ख्या, परिमाण, पृथक्त्व, संयोग र विभाग, परत्व र अपरत्व, ज्ञान, सुख र दुःख, इच्छा र द्वेष, र प्रयत्न यी गुण हुन्।
Where it sits
1.1.4 named quality as the second category. 1.1.5 listed substances. This line lists qualities. A Vaiśeṣika (वैशेषिक) quality is not a Sāṅkhya (साङ्ख्य) guṇa (गुण). Sattva, rajas, and tamas are not on this list, and they are not what guṇa (गुण) means here.
Split: rūpa-rasa-gandha-sparśāḥ (रूप-रस-गन्ध-स्पर्शाः) + saṃkhyāḥ (संख्याः) + parimāṇāni (परिमाणानि) + pṛthaktvam (पृथक्त्वम्) + saṃyoga-vibhāgau (संयोग-विभागौ) + paratva-aparatve (परत्व-अपरत्वे) + buddhayaḥ (बुद्धयः) + sukha-duḥkhe (सुख-दुःखे) + icchā-dveṣau (इच्छा-द्वेषौ) + prayatnāḥ (प्रयत्नाः) + ca (च) + guṇāḥ (गुणाः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| rūpa-rasa-gandha-sparśāḥ (रूप-रस-गन्ध-स्पर्शाः) | nominative plural, masculine | color, taste, smell, and touch. Four qualities you meet by a sense. |
| saṃkhyāḥ (संख्याः) | nominative plural, feminine | numbers. |
| parimāṇāni (परिमाणानि) | nominative plural, neuter | measures. The size of a thing. |
| pṛthaktvam (पृथक्त्वम्) | nominative singular, neuter | separateness. Being apart from another. |
| saṃyoga-vibhāgau (संयोग-विभागौ) | nominative dual, masculine | conjunction and disjunction. The two. Joining, and coming apart. |
| paratva-aparatve (परत्व-अपरत्वे) | nominative dual, neuter | farness and nearness. Distance in place, and the same pair in time. |
| buddhayaḥ (बुद्धयः) | nominative plural, feminine | cognitions. The plural is the many knowings, not one faculty. |
| sukha-duḥkhe (सुख-दुःखे) | nominative dual, neuter | pleasure and pain. |
| icchā-dveṣau (इच्छा-द्वेषौ) | nominative dual, masculine | desire and aversion. |
| prayatnāḥ (प्रयत्नाः) | nominative plural, masculine | efforts. |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and. It closes the list. |
| guṇāḥ (गुणाः) | nominative plural, masculine | are qualities. The predicate. |
The phrases
Count seventeen. Color, taste, smell, touch, number, measure, separateness, conjunction, disjunction, farness, nearness, cognition, pleasure, pain, desire, aversion, effort.
Sound is not in the list. Weight, fluidity, viscidity, disposition, merit, and demerit are not in the list. Praśastapāda (प्रशस्तपाद), much later, makes the qualities twenty-four. Do not put his list back into this line.
guṇāḥ (गुणाः) is the predicate, as dravyāṇi (द्रव्याणि) was in 1.1.5. iti is not spoken. The ca before the predicate does the closing.
Sanskrit in this line
The pāṭha (पाठ) writes rupa without the long ū (ऊ). Recite rūpa (रूप). A dual ending -au or -e means the two named things, and one ending serves the pair. The last word, guṇāḥ (गुणाः), is masculine plural and does not change the gender of the names.
Say it back
Seventeen, in order. Then say two qualities a later handbook adds that this line does not.
Next
1.1.7. Five actions: up, down, contracting, extending, and going.