1.2.10
Vaiśeṣika Sūtra / Adhyāya 1 / 1.2.10
सामान्यविशेषाभावेन च
sāmānyaviśeṣābhāvena ca
The line
And because there is no universal-particular in it, existence is known for what it is.
नेपालीमा
र त्यसमा सामान्यविशेष नभएकाले सत्ता जस्तो छ त्यस्तै चिनिन्छ।
Where it sits
The same four words return at 1.2.12, 1.2.14, and 1.2.16. Each time, the subject is the universal named in the line before. Here the subject is sattā (सत्ता). Do not carry this subject into 1.2.12.
Split: sāmānya-viśeṣa-abhāvena (सामान्य-विशेष-अभावेन) + ca (च)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| sāmānya-viśeṣa-abhāvena (सामान्य-विशेष-अभावेन) | instrumental singular, neuter | by the absence of universal-particularity. By its not being one of the universals that are also particulars. |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and. A further reason. |
The phrases
1.2.5 said substanceness, qualityness, and actionness are both universals and particulars. sattā (सत्ता) is not that kind. Nothing stands above it as a wider universal. The instrumental is the means of knowing this, or the reason.
The subject is still sattā (सत्ता). The line is a reason added to 1.2.9.
Sanskrit in this line
The instrumental -ena can give a reason, beside the ablative. abhāva (अभाव) is absence. sāmānyaviśeṣa (सामान्यविशेष) is the lower universal of 1.2.5, the one that is also a particular.
Say it back
What is the subject of this instrumental?
Next
1.2.11. Substanceness is known by its presence in many substances.