1.2.7
Vaiśeṣika Sūtra / Adhyāya 1 / 1.2.7
सदिति यतो द्रव्यगुणकर्मसु सा सत्ता
sad iti yato dravyaguṇakarmasu sā sattā
The line
Existence is that because of which one says 'it is' of substances, qualities, and actions.
नेपालीमा
सत्ता त्यो हो जसका कारण द्रव्य, गुण र कर्ममा छ भनिन्छ।
Where it sits
1.2.4 called being a universal only. This line names it sattā (सत्ता) and ties it to the three categories that can bear it. A universal that is not itself a substance, a quality, or an action is the next claim, 1.2.8.
Split: sat (सत्) + iti (इति) + yataḥ (यतः) + dravya-guṇa-karmasu (द्रव्य-गुण-कर्मसु) + sā (सा) + sattā (सत्ता)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| sat (सत्) | nominative singular, neuter | existent. The word one says. |
| iti (इति) | indeclinable | thus. It quotes sat. |
| yataḥ (यतः) | ablative singular | from which. Because of which. |
| dravya-guṇa-karmasu (द्रव्य-गुण-कर्मसु) | locative plural | in substances, qualities, and actions. |
| sā (सा) | nominative singular, feminine | that. Correlative of yataḥ (यतः), agreeing with sattā (सत्ता). |
| sattā (सत्ता) | nominative singular, feminine | existence. The universal 'being,' named as a category-term. |
The phrases
Wherever, among substances, qualities, and actions, one can say sat, 'it is,' the ground of that saying is sattā (सत्ता).
yataḥ (यतः) ... sā (सा) is 'that from which ... that one,' the same shape as the definition of dharma (धर्म) in 1.1.2.
Sanskrit in this line
The locative -su means 'in, in the case of.' iti quotes the word sat. sā (सा) is feminine because sattā (सत्ता) is feminine, just as saḥ (सः) in 1.1.2 was masculine because dharma (धर्म) is masculine.
Say it back
In which three does one say sat?
Next
1.2.8. Existence is a different thing from substance, quality, and action.