1.2.8
Vaiśeṣika Sūtra / Adhyāya 1 / 1.2.8
द्रव्यगुणकर्मभ्योऽर्थान्तरं सत्ता
dravyaguṇakarmabhyo 'rthāntaraṃ sattā
The line
Existence is a further real, other than substance, quality, and action.
नेपालीमा
सत्ता द्रव्य, गुण र कर्मभन्दा अर्कै वस्तु हो।
Where it sits
1.2.7 identified sattā (सत्ता) by its work. This line keeps it from collapsing into the three. The category it belongs to is sāmānya (सामान्य), already prepared by 1.2.4.
Split: dravya-guṇa-karmabhyaḥ (द्रव्य-गुण-कर्मभ्यः) + artha-antaram (अर्थ-अन्तरम्) + sattā (सत्ता)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| dravya-guṇa-karmabhyaḥ (द्रव्य-गुण-कर्मभ्यः) | ablative plural | from substance, quality, and action. Different from them. |
| artha-antaram (अर्थ-अन्तरम्) | nominative singular, neuter | another object. A further real, not a name for those three. |
| sattā (सत्ता) | nominative singular, feminine | existence. |
The phrases
sattā (सत्ता) is not a substance, not a quality, and not an action. It is a further thing, present in them. If it were a quality, it could not reside in a quality. 1.2.9 makes that argument.
The pāṭha (पाठ) writes dravyaguṇakarmabhyor (द्रव्यगुणकर्मभ्योर्)'thāntaram (थान्तरम्), with an extra r. The join is bhyaḥ (भ्यः) plus artha, which is bhyo 'rtha. Recite dravyaguṇakarmabhyo (द्रव्यगुणकर्मभ्यो) 'rthāntaraṃ (र्थान्तरं) sattā (सत्ता).
Sanskrit in this line
An ablative with arthāntaram (अर्थान्तरम्) means 'a thing other than.' The apostrophe is the dropped a of artha after bhyo.
Say it back
Is existence one of the three, or a fourth thing beside them?
Next
1.2.9. Because it occurs in qualities and actions, it is neither.