5.2.23
Vaiśeṣika Sūtra / Adhyāya 5 / 5.2.23
निष्क्रियाणां समवायः कर्मभ्यो निषिद्धः
niṣkriyāṇāṃ samavāyaḥ karmabhyo niṣiddhaḥ
The line
Of niṣkriya (निष्क्रिय), inherence, a compound: action, and bhya (भ्य), niṣiddha (निषिद्ध).
Where it sits
In Vaiśeṣika (वैशेषिक) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 5. Action: movement in the hand, and what sets a thing moving. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: niṣkriyāṇāṃ (निष्क्रियाणां) + samavāyaḥ (समवायः) + karma-bhyaḥ (कर्म-भ्यः) + niṣiddhaḥ (निषिद्धः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| niṣkriyāṇāṃ (निष्क्रियाणां) | genitive plural | niṣkriya (निष्क्रिय) |
| samavāyaḥ (समवायः) | nominative singular, masculine | inherence |
| karma-bhyaḥ (कर्म-भ्यः) | nominative singular, masculine | a compound: action, and bhya (भ्य). Read it from the end |
| niṣiddhaḥ (निषिद्धः) | nominative singular, masculine | niṣiddha (निषिद्ध) |
The phrases
niṣkriyāṇāṃ (निष्क्रियाणां) is niṣkriya (निष्क्रिय). It stands as genitive plural. samavāyaḥ (समवायः) is inherence. It stands as nominative singular, masculine.
karma-bhyaḥ (कर्म-भ्यः) is a compound: action, and bhya (भ्य). Read it from the end. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. The line writes it karmabhyo. niṣiddhaḥ (निषिद्धः) is niṣiddha (निषिद्ध). It stands as nominative singular, masculine.
Sanskrit in this line
niṣkriyāṇāṃ (निष्क्रियाणां) is genitive plural. That ending is the work an English preposition would do. The line writes it karmabhyo.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss niṣkriyāṇāṃ (निष्क्रियाणां) and samavāyaḥ (समवायः).