8.1.5
Vaiśeṣika Sūtra / Adhyāya 8 / 8.1.5
सामान्यविशेषेषु सामान्यविशेषाभावात् तदेव ज्ञानम्
sāmānyaviśeṣeṣu sāmānyaviśeṣābhāvāt tadeva jñānam
The line
In a compound: a common case, and a difference, because of a compound: a common case, a difference, and absence, then, like, as if, knowing.
Where it sits
In Vaiśeṣika (वैशेषिक) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 8. Knowing as it resides in substances. Perception, and what it does not reach. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: sāmānya-viśeṣeṣu (सामान्य-विशेषेषु) + sāmānya-viśeṣa-abhāvāt (सामान्य-विशेष-अभावात्) + tadā (तदा) + iva (इव) + jñānam (ज्ञानम्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| sāmānya-viśeṣeṣu (सामान्य-विशेषेषु) | locative plural | a compound: a common case, and a difference. Read it from the end |
| sāmānya-viśeṣa-abhāvāt (सामान्य-विशेष-अभावात्) | ablative singular | a compound: a common case, a difference, and absence. Read it from the end |
| tadā (तदा) | indeclinable | then |
| iva (इव) | indeclinable | like, as if |
| jñānam (ज्ञानम्) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | knowing |
The phrases
sāmānya-viśeṣeṣu (सामान्य-विशेषेषु) is a compound: a common case, and a difference. Read it from the end. It stands as locative plural. sāmānya-viśeṣa-abhāvāt (सामान्य-विशेष-अभावात्) is a compound: a common case, a difference, and absence. Read it from the end. It stands as ablative singular. tadā (तदा) is then. It stands as indeclinable.
iva (इव) is like, as if. It stands as indeclinable. The line joins them as tadeva. jñānam (ज्ञानम्) is knowing. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter.
Sanskrit in this line
sāmānya-viśeṣa-abhāvāt (सामान्य-विशेष-अभावात्) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case. The line joins them as tadeva.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss sāmānya-viśeṣeṣu (सामान्य-विशेषेषु) and sāmānya-viśeṣa-abhāvāt (सामान्य-विशेष-अभावात्).