9.1.12
Vaiśeṣika Sūtra / Adhyāya 9 / 9.1.12
तथा द्रव्यान्तरेषु प्रत्यक्षम्
tathā dravyāntareṣu pratyakṣam
The line
So, in that way, in a compound: a substance, and a difference, an interval, direct.
Where it sits
In Vaiśeṣika (वैशेषिक) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 9. What is not yet, and the kinds of cognition, including absence. The line is short. ātman-yātma-manas-oḥ (आत्मन्-यात्म-मनस्-ओः) from 9.1.11 is still in force. A sūtra (सूत्र) leaves a word out when the line before still holds it. That carrying is anuvṛtti (अनुवृत्ति).
Split: tathā (तथा) + dravya-antareṣu (द्रव्य-अन्तरेषु) + pratyakṣam (प्रत्यक्षम्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| tathā (तथा) | indeclinable | so, in that way |
| dravya-antareṣu (द्रव्य-अन्तरेषु) | locative plural | a compound: a substance, and a difference, an interval. Read it from the end |
| pratyakṣam (प्रत्यक्षम्) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | direct |
The phrases
tathā (तथा) is so, in that way. It stands as indeclinable. dravya-antareṣu (द्रव्य-अन्तरेषु) is a compound: a substance, and a difference, an interval. Read it from the end. It stands as locative plural.
pratyakṣam (प्रत्यक्षम्) is direct. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter.
Sanskrit in this line
dravya-antareṣu (द्रव्य-अन्तरेषु) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss dravya-antareṣu (द्रव्य-अन्तरेषु) and pratyakṣam (प्रत्यक्षम्).