9.2.3
Vaiśeṣika Sūtra / Adhyāya 9 / 9.2.3
एतेन शाब्दं व्याख्यातम्
etena śābdaṃ vyākhyātam
The line
By this, verbal knowing is explained.
नेपालीमा
यसैले शब्दबाट जान्नुको व्याख्या हुन्छ।
Where it sits
9.2.1 named laiṅgika (लैङ्गिक). Later Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika (न्याय-वैशेषिक) gives word its own place among the means. This sūtra (सूत्र) and that later school are two sentences. Read this one as it stands.
Split: etena (एतेन) + śābdam (शाब्दम्) + vyākhyātam (व्याख्यातम्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| etena (एतेन) | instrumental singular, neuter | by this. By the account of the mark in 9.2.1. |
| śābdam (शाब्दम्) | nominative singular, neuter | the verbal. Knowing that comes by word. śābda (शाब्द) is the adjective of śabda (शब्द). |
| vyākhyātam (व्याख्यातम्) | nominative singular, neuter | explained |
The phrases
etena (एतेन) points back at the five relations of the mark. The sūtra (सूत्र) accounts for word by that account.
Nyāya (न्याय) 1.1.7 gives word its own definition, the teaching of a reliable person. This line does a different job. It places śābda (शाब्द) under the mark.
Sanskrit in this line
śābdam (शाब्दम्) and vyākhyātam (व्याख्यातम्) are both nominative singular, neuter. etena (एतेन) is the instrumental of etad (एतद्).
Say it back
Say what etena (एतेन) points at.
Next
9.2.4. Reason, statement, mark, means, and instrument are one job.