Speech and sound / Vākyapadīya / 1.165 Vaikharī
1.165
स्थानेषु विवृते वायौ कृतवर्णपरिग्रहा ।
वैखरी वाक् प्रयोक्तॄणां प्राणवृत्तिनिबन्धना sthāneṣu vivṛte vāyau kṛtavarṇaparigrahā |
vaikharī vāk prayoktṝṇāṃ prāṇavṛttinibandhanā
The line
When the air is opened out in the places, and she has taken the phonemes, vaikharī (वैखरी) is the speakers' speech, tied to the movement of breath.
नेपालीमा
स्थानहरूमा वायु फैलिँदा र ऊ वर्णहरू लिएपछि वैखरी वक्ताहरूको वाणी हुन्छ, जुन श्वासको गतिसँग बाँधिएको छ।
Where it sits
1.159 named her. This verse says what the name picks out: speech that has reached air, place, and phoneme. The Saṅgītaratnākara (सङ्गीतरत्नाकर) will walk a wind up through navel, heart, throat, head, and mouth. That is a musician's path. This verse is the grammarian's account of the speech that has already become sound.
Split: sthāneṣu (स्थानेषु) + vivṛte (विवृते) + vāyau (वायौ) + kṛta-varṇa-parigrahā (कृत-वर्ण-परिग्रहा) + vaikharī (वैखरी) + vāk (वाक्) + prayoktṝṇām (प्रयोक्तॄणाम्) + prāṇa-vṛtti-nibandhanā (प्राण-वृत्ति-निबन्धना)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| sthāneṣu (स्थानेषु) | locative plural, neuter | In the places. For a grammarian these are the places where a phoneme is made. |
| vivṛte (विवृते) | locative singular, masculine | Opened out. Past participle of vi (वि) and the root vṛ (वृ). With vāyau (वायौ) it is a locative absolute: when the air is opened out. |
| vāyau (वायौ) | locative singular, masculine | In the air. The breath as it moves. |
| kṛta-varṇa-parigrahā (कृत-वर्ण-परिग्रहा) | nominative singular, feminine | She has taken the phonemes up. kṛta (कृत), done. varṇa (वर्ण), a phoneme. parigraha (परिग्रह), a taking up. Agrees with vāk (वाक्). |
| vaikharī (वैखरी) | nominative singular, feminine | The elaborated speech. 1.159 had this name in the genitive. |
| vāk (वाक्) | nominative singular, feminine | Speech. |
| prayoktṝṇām (प्रयोक्तॄणाम्) | genitive plural, masculine | Of the speakers, the ones who put speech to use. prayoktṛ (प्रयोक्तृ). |
| prāṇa-vṛtti-nibandhanā (प्राण-वृत्ति-निबन्धना) | nominative singular, feminine | Her tie is the movement of prāṇa (प्राण). vṛtti (वृत्ति), activity. nibandhana (निबन्धन), that which binds. Agrees with vāk (वाक्). |
The phrases
Sthāneṣu vivṛte vāyau (स्थानेषु विवृते वायौ) is the condition. The air has opened in the places.
Vaikharī vāk (वैखरी वाक्) is the speech, with two nominatives agreeing. She belongs to speakers, and she is tied to breath.
Sanskrit in this line
Vivṛte vāyau (विवृते वायौ) is a locative absolute. Two locatives, and the participle says what the noun is doing. When that is the case, the main clause holds.
Kṛta-varṇa-parigrahā (कृत-वर्ण-परिग्रहा) is a bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि). Read it from the end: she has a taking-up, and the taking-up is of phonemes, and that taking-up is done.
Say it back
Say vaikharī (वैखरी) in one sentence: air, places, phonemes, speakers, breath. If prayoktṛ (प्रयोक्तृ) will not come, stay with the genitive plural.