Speech and sound / Vākyapadīya / 1.79 Not divided
1.79
शब्दस्योर्ध्वमभिव्यक्तेर्वृत्तिभेदं तु वैकृताः ।
ध्वनयः समुपोहन्ते स्फोटात्मा तैर्न भिद्यते śabdasyordhvamabhivyaktervṛttibhedaṃ tu vaikṛtāḥ |
dhvanayaḥ samupohante sphoṭātmā tairna bhidyate
The line
After the manifestation of the word, the secondary dhvanis (ध्वनि) heap up a difference of mode. The sphoṭa (स्फोट) itself is not divided by them.
नेपालीमा
शब्द प्रकट भएपछि गौण ध्वनिहरूले वृत्तिको भेद थुपार्छन्। स्फोट आफैँ तिनीहरूबाट विभाजित हुँदैन।
Where it sits
1.78 left vaikṛta (वैकृत) in the singular, with dhvani (ध्वनि) understood. This verse names vaikṛtāḥ dhvanayaḥ (वैकृताः ध्वनयः). From here through 1.158 the kāṇḍa (काण्ड) is not sat. The next sitting is 1.159, the three speeches.
Split: śabdasya (शब्दस्य) + ūrdhvam (ऊर्ध्वम्) + abhivyakteḥ (अभिव्यक्तेः) + vṛtti-bhedam (वृत्ति-भेदम्) + tu (तु) + vaikṛtāḥ (वैकृताः) + dhvanayaḥ (ध्वनयः) + samupohante (समुपोहन्ते) + sphoṭa-ātmā (स्फोट-आत्मा) + taiḥ (तैः) + na (न) + bhidyate (भिद्यते)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| śabdasya (शब्दस्य) | genitive singular, masculine | Of the word. Heard śabdasya (शब्दस्य) plus ūrdhvam (ऊर्ध्वम्) as śabdasyordhvam (शब्दस्योर्ध्वम्). a (अ) plus ū (ऊ) is o (ओ). |
| ūrdhvam (ऊर्ध्वम्) | indeclinable | After. Once past. With the ablative abhivyakteḥ (अभिव्यक्तेः). |
| abhivyakteḥ (अभिव्यक्तेः) | ablative singular, feminine | From the manifestation. After the word has been made manifest. Heard abhivyakter (अभिव्यक्तेर्) before vṛtti (वृत्ति). |
| vṛtti-bhedam (वृत्ति-भेदम्) | accusative singular, masculine | A difference of mode. The object of samupohante (समुपोहन्ते). |
| tu (तु) | indeclinable | But. It sets this half beside the grasping in 1.78. |
| vaikṛtāḥ (वैकृताः) | nominative plural, masculine | The secondary ones. Agrees with dhvanayaḥ (ध्वनयः). One printing has the singular vaikṛtaḥ (वैकृतः). This count has the plural, with dhvanayaḥ (ध्वनयः). |
| dhvanayaḥ (ध्वनयः) | nominative plural, masculine | The dhvanis (ध्वनि). The plural of dhvani (ध्वनि). |
| samupohante (समुपोहन्ते) | present, third person plural, ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद) | They heap up. From sam (सम्), upa (उप), and the root ūh (ऊह्). |
| sphoṭa-ātmā (स्फोट-आत्मा) | nominative singular, masculine | The sphoṭa (स्फोट) itself. ātman (आत्मन्) here is itself. Heard sphoṭātmā (स्फोटात्मा). |
| taiḥ (तैः) | instrumental plural, masculine | By them. The secondary dhvanis (ध्वनि). Heard tair (तैर्) before na (न). |
| na (न) | indeclinable | Not. |
| bhidyate (भिद्यते) | present, third person singular, passive | Is divided. From the root bhid (भिद्). |
The phrases
After the word has been manifested, the secondary dhvanis (ध्वनि) heap up a difference of mode.
The sphoṭa (स्फोट) itself is not divided by them.
Sanskrit in this line
Śabdasya (शब्दस्य) plus ūrdhvam (ऊर्ध्वम्) is śabdasyordhvam (शब्दस्योर्ध्वम्). Short a (अ) plus ū (ऊ) is o (ओ).
Abhivyakteḥ (अभिव्यक्तेः) before vṛtti (वृत्ति). A visarga after e (ए), before a voiced consonant, is heard as r (र्): abhivyakter (अभिव्यक्तेर्).
Sphoṭa (स्फोट) plus ātmā (आत्मा) is sphoṭātmā (स्फोटात्मा). Short a (अ) plus ā (आ) is ā (आ).
Taiḥ (तैः) plus na (न) is tair na (तैर् न), written tairna (तैर्न). A visarga before a voiced consonant, after a vowel other than short a (अ), becomes r (र्).
Say it back
Say what the secondary dhvanis (ध्वनि) heap up, and say what is not divided by them.