Speech and sound / Vākyapadīya / 1.76 The time of sphoṭa
1.76
स्फोटस्याभिन्नकालस्य ध्वनिकालानुपातिनः ।
ग्रहणोपाधिभेदेन वृत्तिभेदं प्रचक्षते sphoṭasyābhinnakālasya dhvanikālānupātinaḥ |
grahaṇopādhibhedena vṛttibhedaṃ pracakṣate
The line
Of the sphoṭa (स्फोट), whose time is undivided and which follows the time of the dhvani (ध्वनि), they declare a difference of mode by a difference in the condition of the grasping.
नेपालीमा
जसको काल अविभाजित छ र जो ध्वनिको काल पछ्याउँछ, त्यस स्फोटको ग्रहणको अवस्था फरक पर्दा वृत्तिको भेद बताइन्छ।
Where it sits
1.51 through 1.75 are not sat. The kārikā (कारिका) verses in that stretch argue the views this verse answers. The verb pracakṣate (प्रचक्षते) names no subject of its own. 1.77 says whose time is transferred onto the word.
Split: sphoṭasya (स्फोटस्य) + abhinna-kālasya (अभिन्न-कालस्य) + dhvani-kāla-anupātinaḥ (ध्वनि-काल-अनुपातिनः) + grahaṇa-upādhi-bhedena (ग्रहण-उपाधि-भेदेन) + vṛtti-bhedam (वृत्ति-भेदम्) + pracakṣate (प्रचक्षते)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| sphoṭasya (स्फोटस्य) | genitive singular, masculine | Of sphoṭa (स्फोट). The word 1.50 named beside nāda (नाद). |
| abhinna-kālasya (अभिन्न-कालस्य) | genitive singular, masculine | Whose time is undivided. Agrees with sphoṭasya (स्फोटस्य). abhinna (अभिन्न), not divided. kāla (काल), time. |
| dhvani-kāla-anupātinaḥ (ध्वनि-काल-अनुपातिनः) | genitive singular, masculine | Which follows along with the time of the dhvani (ध्वनि). anupātin (अनुपातिन्) is one that follows. Agrees with sphoṭasya (स्फोटस्य). In the recited line sphoṭasya (स्फोटस्य) joins the next word. |
| grahaṇa-upādhi-bhedena (ग्रहण-उपाधि-भेदेन) | instrumental singular, masculine | By a difference in the condition of the grasping. grahaṇa (ग्रहण) is the grasping. upādhi (उपाधि) is a condition that qualifies. bheda (भेद) is a difference. |
| vṛtti-bhedam (वृत्ति-भेदम्) | accusative singular, masculine | A difference of mode. vṛtti (वृत्ति) is the way a thing occurs. The object of pracakṣate (प्रचक्षते). |
| pracakṣate (प्रचक्षते) | present, third person plural, ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद) | They declare. The line names no subject. |
The phrases
The sphoṭa (स्फोट) has an undivided time, and it follows along with the time of the dhvani (ध्वनि).
They declare a difference of mode in it, by a difference in the condition under which it is grasped.
Sanskrit in this line
Sphoṭasya (स्फोटस्य) plus abhinna (अभिन्न) is sphoṭasyābhinna (स्फोटस्याभिन्न). Short a (अ) plus short a (अ) is ā (आ). The same join makes kālānupātinaḥ (कालानुपातिनः) from kāla (काल) plus anupātinaḥ (अनुपातिनः), and grahaṇopādhi (ग्रहणोपाधि) from grahaṇa (ग्रहण) plus upādhi (उपाधि).
Say it back
Say whose time is undivided, and say what they still declare a difference of.