Speech and sound / Vākyapadīya / 1.49 Without sequence
1.49
नादस्य क्रमजातत्वान्न पूर्वो न परश्च सः ।
अक्रमः क्रमरूपेण भेदवानिव जायते nādasya kramajātatvānna pūrvo na paraśca saḥ |
akramaḥ kramarūpeṇa bhedavān iva jāyate
The line
Because nāda (नाद) is born in sequence, that word is neither earlier nor later. Without sequence, it is born as if it had divisions, by taking the form of sequence.
नेपालीमा
नाद क्रममा जन्मिने हुनाले त्यो शब्द न अघिल्लो हो न पछिल्लो। क्रम नभए पनि क्रमको रूप लिएर त्यो खण्ड भएझैँ जन्मिन्छ।
Where it sits
Saḥ (सः) is the word carried from 1.47 and 1.48, not nāda (नाद). Nāda (नाद) is in the genitive, as the reason. The next verse names the pair sphoṭa (स्फोट) and nāda (नाद).
Split: nādasya (नादस्य) + krama-jātatvāt (क्रम-जातत्वात्) + na (न) + pūrvaḥ (पूर्वः) + na (न) + paraḥ (परः) + ca (च) + saḥ (सः) + akramaḥ (अक्रमः) + krama-rūpeṇa (क्रम-रूपेण) + bhedavān (भेदवान्) + iva (इव) + jāyate (जायते)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| nādasya (नादस्य) | genitive singular, masculine | Of nāda (नाद), the sounding. 1.48 has just said a dhvani (ध्वनि) carries the word. This verse names nāda (नाद) as what is born in sequence. |
| krama-jātatvāt (क्रम-जातत्वात्) | ablative singular, neuter | Because of being born in sequence. krama (क्रम) is sequence. jātatva (जातत्व) is the state of having been born. The ablative gives the reason. |
| na (न) | indeclinable | Not. |
| pūrvaḥ (पूर्वः) | nominative singular, masculine | Earlier. Heard pūrvo (पूर्वो) before the second na (न). |
| na (न) | indeclinable | Not. The second na (न). |
| paraḥ (परः) | nominative singular, masculine | Later. Heard paraś (परश्) before ca (च). |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | And. |
| saḥ (सः) | nominative singular, masculine | That one. The word of 1.47 and 1.48. The verse does not rename it. Anuvṛtti (अनुवृत्ति). |
| akramaḥ (अक्रमः) | nominative singular, masculine | Without sequence. Agrees with saḥ (सः). |
| krama-rūpeṇa (क्रम-रूपेण) | instrumental singular, masculine | By way of the form of sequence. |
| bhedavān (भेदवान्) | nominative singular, masculine | Having divisions. Agrees with saḥ (सः). |
| iva (इव) | indeclinable | As if. It keeps the divisions from being the word's own. |
| jāyate (जायते) | present, third person singular, ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद) | Is born. |
The phrases
Because nāda (नाद) is born in sequence, that word is neither earlier nor later.
Without sequence, it is born as if it had divisions, by way of the form of sequence.
Sanskrit in this line
Krama-jātatvāt (क्रम-जातत्वात्) plus na (न). A final t (त्) before n (न्) is heard as n (न्): kramajātatvān na (क्रमजातत्वान् न), written as one.
Pūrvaḥ (पूर्वः) before na (न) is pūrvo (पूर्वो). A visarga after short a (अ), before a voiced consonant, is heard as o (ओ).
Paraḥ (परः) plus ca (च) is paraśca (परश्च). A visarga before ca (च) is heard as ś (श्).
Bhedavān (भेदवान्) plus iva (इव). n (न्) plus i (इ) joins, and the space drops: bhedavāniva (भेदवानिव).
Say it back
Say why the word is neither earlier nor later, and say what iva (इव) is doing.