Speech and sound / Vākyapadīya / 1.46 Whose difference
1.46
आत्मभेदं तयोः के चिदस्तीत्याहुः पुराणगाः ।
बुद्धिभेदादभिन्नस्य भेदमेके प्रचक्षते ātmabhedaṃ tayoḥ ke cid astītyāhuḥ purāṇagāḥ |
buddhibhedād abhinnasya bhedameke pracakṣate
The line
Some who go by the older account say there is a difference of those two themselves. Others declare that the difference of the undivided one comes from a difference of intellect.
नेपालीमा
पुरानो मतलाई पछ्याउने केहीले ती दुईमै भेद छ भन्छन्। अरू भन्छन् कि अविभाजितको भेद बुद्धिको भेदबाट आउँछ।
Where it sits
The genitive dual tayoḥ (तयोः) is the two words of 1.44, the cause and the one put to use. 1.45 has just said an undivided word is born from divided ones. This verse is the disagreement about that difference. It follows 1.45 directly.
Split: ātma-bhedam (आत्म-भेदम्) + tayoḥ (तयोः) + ke (के) + cit (चित्) + asti (अस्ति) + iti (इति) + āhuḥ (आहुः) + purāṇa-gāḥ (पुराण-गाः) + buddhi-bhedāt (बुद्धि-भेदात्) + abhinnasya (अभिन्नस्य) + bhedam (भेदम्) + eke (एके) + pracakṣate (प्रचक्षते)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| ātma-bhedam (आत्म-भेदम्) | accusative singular, masculine | A difference of themselves. ātman (आत्मन्) is one's own form. bheda (भेद) is a difference. |
| tayoḥ (तयोः) | genitive dual | Of those two. The two words of 1.44. This verse does not rename them. That is anuvṛtti (अनुवृत्ति). |
| ke (के) | nominative plural, masculine | Some. From kim (किम्). |
| cit (चित्) | indeclinable | With ke (के), some. Before a vowel it is heard cid (चिद्). |
| asti (अस्ति) | present, third person singular | There is. |
| iti (इति) | indeclinable | Marks what they say. asti iti (अस्ति इति) is the claim, there is. |
| āhuḥ (आहुः) | perfect, third person plural | They say. From the root ah (अह्). |
| purāṇa-gāḥ (पुराण-गाः) | nominative plural, masculine | Those who go by the older account. purāṇa (पुराण), older. ga (ग), one who goes. |
| buddhi-bhedāt (बुद्धि-भेदात्) | ablative singular, masculine | From a difference of intellect. Heard buddhibhedād (बुद्धिभेदाद्) before abhinnasya (अभिन्नस्य). |
| abhinnasya (अभिन्नस्य) | genitive singular, masculine | Of the undivided one. |
| bhedam (भेदम्) | accusative singular, masculine | A difference. The object of pracakṣate (प्रचक्षते). |
| eke (एके) | nominative plural, masculine | Some others. In the recited line bhedam (भेदम्) joins it: bhedameke (भेदमेके). |
| pracakṣate (प्रचक्षते) | present, third person plural, ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद) | They declare. From pra (प्र) and the root cakṣ (चक्ष्). |
The phrases
Some, those who go by the older account, say there is a difference of the two themselves.
Others declare a difference of the undivided one, and they put that difference down to a difference of intellect.
Sanskrit in this line
Cit (चित्) before asti (अस्ति). A final t (त्) before a vowel is heard as d (द्): cid asti (चिदस्ति), written cidasti (चिदस्ति).
Asti (अस्ति) plus iti (इति) is astīti (अस्तीति). Short i (इ) plus short i (इ) is ī (ई). Iti (इति) plus āhuḥ (आहुः): i (इ) plus ā (आ) is yā (या), astītyāhuḥ (अस्तीत्याहुः).
Buddhi-bhedāt (बुद्धि-भेदात्) plus abhinnasya (अभिन्नस्य). A final t (त्) before a vowel is heard as d (द्), and the recited line joins them: buddhibhedādabhinnasya (बुद्धिभेदादभिन्नस्य).
Bhedam (भेदम्) plus eke (एके). A final m (म्) before a vowel becomes the consonant m (म्): bhedameke (भेदमेके).
Say it back
Say the two accounts of the difference, and say whose two the genitive dual is.