Speech and sound / Vākyapadīya / 1.45 The undivided word
1.45
अविभक्तो विभक्तेभ्यो जायतेऽर्थस्य वाचकः ।
शब्दस्तत्रार्थरूपात्मा संभेदमुपगच्छति avibhakto vibhaktebhyo jāyate 'rthasya vācakaḥ |
śabdastatrārtharūpātmā saṃbhedamupagacchati
The line
From the divided ones is born an undivided word that speaks the meaning. There the word, whose own form is the form of the meaning, undergoes a merging.
नेपालीमा
विभाजितहरूबाट अर्थ बोल्ने अविभाजित शब्द जन्मिन्छ। त्यहाँ अर्थको रूप नै आफ्नो रूप भएको शब्दको विलय हुन्छ।
Where it sits
1.44 set two words, one a cause and one put to use for the meaning. This verse is the next line. It does not rename those two. It says what is born from divided words. One printing reads saṃbandham (संबन्धम्), a connection, where this count reads saṃbhedam (संभेदम्). The sitting follows saṃbhedam (संभेदम्).
Split: avibhaktaḥ (अविभक्तः) + vibhaktebhyaḥ (विभक्तेभ्यः) + jāyate (जायते) + arthasya (अर्थस्य) + vācakaḥ (वाचकः) + śabdaḥ (शब्दः) + tatra (तत्र) + artha-rūpa-ātmā (अर्थ-रूप-आत्मा) + saṃbhedam (संभेदम्) + upagacchati (उपगच्छति)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| avibhaktaḥ (अविभक्तः) | nominative singular, masculine | Undivided. Heard avibhakto (अविभक्तो) before vibhaktebhyaḥ (विभक्तेभ्यः). |
| vibhaktebhyaḥ (विभक्तेभ्यः) | ablative plural, masculine | From the divided ones. Heard vibhaktebhyo (विभक्तेभ्यो) before jāyate (जायते). |
| jāyate (जायते) | present, third person singular, ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद) | Is born. From the root jan (जन्). |
| arthasya (अर्थस्य) | genitive singular, masculine | Of the meaning. The a (अ) drops after jāyate (जायते): jāyate 'rthasya (जायतेऽर्थस्य). |
| vācakaḥ (वाचकः) | nominative singular, masculine | The one that speaks. Agrees with the undivided word. From the root vac (वच्). |
| śabdaḥ (शब्दः) | nominative singular, masculine | The word. Heard śabdas (शब्द) before tatra (तत्र). |
| tatra (तत्र) | indeclinable | There. In the recited line it joins the next word: tatrārtha (तत्रार्थ). |
| artha-rūpa-ātmā (अर्थ-रूप-आत्मा) | nominative singular, masculine | Whose own form is the form of the meaning. artha (अर्थ) is meaning. rūpa (रूप) is form. ātman (आत्मन्), here ātmā (आत्मा), is one's own self. A bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि). |
| saṃbhedam (संभेदम्) | accusative singular, masculine | A merging. sam (सम्) and bheda (भेद), a coming together that is also a division. The object of upagacchati (उपगच्छति). |
| upagacchati (उपगच्छति) | present, third person singular | Undergoes, goes toward. From upa (उप) and the root gam (गम्). |
The phrases
From the divided ones an undivided word is born, and that word speaks the meaning.
There, the word whose own form is the form of the meaning undergoes a merging.
Sanskrit in this line
Avibhaktaḥ (अविभक्तः) before vibhaktebhyaḥ (विभक्तेभ्यः), and vibhaktebhyaḥ (विभक्तेभ्यः) before jāyate (जायते). A visarga after short a (अ), before a voiced consonant, is heard as o (ओ).
Jāyate (जायते) plus arthasya (अर्थस्य) is jāyate 'rthasya (जायतेऽर्थस्य). The e (ए) drops the following a (अ).
Śabdaḥ (शब्दः) before tatra (तत्र). A visarga before t (त्) is heard as s (स्): śabdas tatra (शब्दस् तत्र). The recited line writes them as one.
Tatra (तत्र) plus artha (अर्थ) is tatrārtha (तत्रार्थ). Short a (अ) plus short a (अ) is ā (आ). Rūpa (रूप) plus ātmā (आत्मा) is rūpātmā (रूपात्मा), the same join.
A final m (म्) before a vowel becomes the consonant m (म्). Saṃbhedam (संभेदम्) plus upagacchati (उपगच्छति) is saṃbhedamupagacchati (संभेदमुपगच्छति).
Say it back
Say what is born from the divided ones, and what that word undergoes there.