1.2
सञ्जय उवाच
दृष्ट्वा तु पाण्डवानीकं व्यूढं दुर्योधनस्तदा ।
आचार्यमुपसङ्गम्य राजा वचनमब्रवीत् ॥
sañjaya uvāca
dṛṣṭvā tu pāṇḍavānīkaṃ vyūḍhaṃ duryodhanas tadā
ācāryam upasaṅgamya rājā vacanam abravīt
Sañjaya (सञ्जय) is speaking, to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (धृतराष्ट्र). He does not answer किम् अकुर्वत kim akurvata with a summary. He starts a scene.
The verse
Sañjaya (सञ्जय) said: Then, having seen the Pāṇḍava (पाण्डव) army drawn up, King Duryodhana approached the teacher and spoke.
नेपालीमा
सञ्जयले भने, त्यसपछि पाण्डव सेना युद्धका लागि मिलाएर उभिएको देखेर राजा दुर्योधन गुरुकहाँ गए र बोले।
Where it sits
The answer to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (धृतराष्ट्र) begins with his son's eyes. Duryodhana does not go to Bhīṣma (भीष्म) first. He goes to Droṇa (द्रोण), the teacher whose finest pupil is standing in the other army. The next verse will use that fact.
Split: दृष्ट्वा + तु + पाण्डव-अनीकम् + व्यूढम् + दुर्योधनः + तदा + आचार्यम् + उपसङ्गम्य + राजा + वचनम् + अब्रवीत्
dṛṣṭvā + tu + pāṇḍava-anīkam + vyūḍham + duryodhanaḥ + tadā + ācāryam + upasaṅgamya + rājā + vacanam + abravīt
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| दृष्ट्वा | dṛṣṭvā | gerund of dṛś (दृश्) | having seen. |
| तु | tu | indeclinable | and, but. A light turn in the story. |
| पाण्डव-अनीकम् | pāṇḍava-anīkam | accusative singular, neuter | the army of the Pāṇḍavas (पाण्डव). anīka (अनीक) is a host, a formation. |
| व्यूढम् | vyūḍham | accusative singular, neuter | drawn up, arrayed. From vi-vah (वि-वह्), "to arrange." |
| दुर्योधनः | duryodhanaḥ | nominative | Duryodhana. The eldest of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's (धृतराष्ट्र) sons. |
| तदा | tadā | indeclinable | then. |
| आचार्यम् | ācāryam | accusative | the teacher. Droṇa (द्रोण), who taught both sides. |
| उपसङ्गम्य | upasaṅgamya | gerund | having approached. upa (उप) "near," sam (सम्) "together," gam (गम्) "go." |
| राजा | rājā | nominative of rājan (राजन्) | the king. Duryodhana, in the role he wants. |
| वचनम् | vacanam | accusative | a word, a speech. |
| अब्रवीत् | abravīt | imperfect, 3rd singular | he said. From brū (ब्रू). |
The phrases
dṛṣṭvā tu pāṇḍavānīkaṃ vyūḍham (दृष्ट्वा तु पाण्डवानीकं व्यूढम्) is what happened first. He saw the Pāṇḍava (पाण्डव) army, and he saw it already arrayed. anīkam (अनीकम्) and vyūḍham (व्यूढम्) are both accusative. One is the thing seen, the other describes it.
duryodhanas tadā (दुर्योधनस् तदा) is the subject, placed late. The ḥ (ः) has become s (स्) in front of t (त्).
आचार्यम् उपसङ्गम्य ācāryam upasaṅgamya is the next act, still unfinished: having gone up to the teacher.
राजा वचनम् अब्रवीत् rājā vacanam abravīt is the main event of the verse. The king said a speech. The speech itself is 1.3.
Sanskrit in this line
A gerund is a verb frozen into "having done." It does not show person. The person is the subject of the main verb, here rājā (राजा). dṛṣṭvā (दृष्ट्वा) is the ordinary shape, --tvā (त्वा), because dṛś (दृश्) has no prefix. upasaṅgamya (उपसङ्गम्य) has prefixes, so the ending is --ya (य) instead of --tvā (त्वा). Same job, two endings. You choose by looking at the front of the verb.
duryodhanaḥ tadā (दुर्योधनः तदा) is recited duryodhanas tadā (दुर्योधनस् तदा). Visarga after a (अ), before a voiceless t (त्), becomes s (स्).
Say it back
Who saw, what he saw, whom he walked up to. Use dṛṣṭvā (दृष्ट्वा) and upasaṅgamya (उपसङ्गम्य) for the two "having" words.