1.24
सञ्जय उवाच
एवमुक्तो हृषीकेशो गुडाकेशेन भारत ।
सेनयोरुभयोर्मध्ये स्थापयित्वा रथोत्तमम् ॥
sañjaya uvāca
evam ukto hṛṣīkeśo guḍākeśena bhārata
senayor ubhayor madhye sthāpayitvā rathottamam
Sañjaya (सञ्जय) again. Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) does the thing he was asked.
The verse
Sañjaya (सञ्जय) said: Spoken to thus by Guḍākeśa (गुडाकेश), O Bhārata (भारत), Hṛṣīkeśa (हृषीकेश) placed the best of chariots in the middle of both armies.
नेपालीमा
सञ्जयले भने, हे भारत, गुडाकेशले यसरी भनेपछि हृषीकेशले श्रेष्ठ रथ दुवै सेनाको बीचमा राख्नुभयो।
Where it sits
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) does not argue with the request. He drives. The place Arjuna asked for, "between both armies," is the worst possible place for the speech Arjuna is about to give, and the only place the rest of the book can happen. Sañjaya (सञ्जय), telling it to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (धृतराष्ट्र), uses bhārata (भारत). He is about to make the king hear his own family named as the view from that chariot.
Split: एवम् + उक्तः + हृषीकेशः + गुडाकेशेन + भारत + सेनयोः + उभयोः + मध्ये + स्थापयित्वा + रथ-उत्तमम्
evam + uktaḥ + hṛṣīkeśaḥ + guḍākeśena + bhārata + senayoḥ + ubhayoḥ + madhye + sthāpayitvā + ratha-uttamam
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| एवम् | evam | indeclinable | thus, in this way. |
| उक्तः | uktaḥ | nominative | addressed, spoken to. |
| हृषीकेशः | hṛṣīkeśaḥ | nominative | Hṛṣīkeśa (हृषीकेश). Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण). |
| गुडाकेशेन | guḍākeśena | instrumental | by Guḍākeśa (गुडाकेश). Arjuna, "lord of sleep," or "whose hair is bound in a ball." |
| भारत | bhārata | vocative | descendant of Bharata. Dhṛtarāṣṭra (धृतराष्ट्र). |
| सेनयोः उभयोः मध्ये | senayoḥ ubhayoḥ madhye | as in 1.21 | in the middle of both armies. |
| स्थापयित्वा | sthāpayitvā | gerund of the causal | having placed, having made to stand. |
| रथ-उत्तमम् | ratha-uttamam | accusative | the best of chariots. |
The phrases
एवम् उक्तः evam uktaḥ means "spoken to in that way," the way 1.21–1.23 just did.
hṛṣīkeśaḥ (हृषीकेशः) is the subject. guḍākeśena (गुडाकेशेन) is the person who spoke. The instrumental answers "by."
bhārata (भारत) is Sañjaya's (सञ्जय) vocative for the king, a new one. Descendant of Bharata. Both sides are that. The vocative is not taking sides.
सेनयोर् उभयोर् मध्ये स्थापयित्वा रथोत्तमम् senayor ubhayor madhye sthāpayitvā rathottamam is the act, and it repeats Arjuna's own words from 1.21, with the gerund instead of the imperative. He asked sthāpaya (स्थापय). Sañjaya (सञ्जय) reports sthāpayitvā (स्थापयित्वा). Having placed the best of chariots in the middle of both armies.
The main verb is in 1.25. This verse stops on the gerund. That is legal. The sentence runs through the double danda.
Sanskrit in this line
uktaḥ (उक्तः) plus the instrumental is "addressed by." The past participle ukta (उक्त) from vac (वच्) works as an adjective of the person spoken to. guḍākeśena (गुडाकेशेन) is the speaker, in the instrumental, the same case drupadaputreṇa (द्रुपदपुत्रेण) wore in 1.3 for the man who arrayed the army.
sthāpayitvā (स्थापयित्वा) is the gerund of the causal. You met the imperative sthāpaya (स्थापय) in 1.21. Adding --itvā (इत्वा) makes "having caused to stand." When a verb has the causal stretch --aya- (अय-), the gerund often shows --ayitvā (अयित्वा). Same verb Arjuna used, reported as done.
Say it back
Who asked, who drove, where the chariot stopped. Use guḍākeśena (गुडाकेशेन) for the asker so the instrumental stays "by."