1.25
भीष्मद्रोणप्रमुखतः सर्वेषां च महीक्षिताम् ।
उवाच पार्थ पश्यैतान्समवेतान्कुरूनिति ॥
bhīṣma-droṇa-pramukhataḥ sarveṣāṃ ca mahīkṣitām
uvāca pārtha paśyaitān samavetān kurūn iti
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) speaks. One sentence, and it is an order to look.
The verse
In front of Bhīṣma (भीष्म) and Droṇa (द्रोण) and all the kings, he said: "Pārtha (पार्थ), see these Kurus gathered."
नेपालीमा
भीष्म र द्रोण र सबै राजाहरूको अगाडि उहाँले भन्नुभयो, हे पार्थ, जम्मा भएका यी कुरुहरूलाई हेर।
Where it sits
Arjuna asked to see the men who came to please an evil-minded prince. Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) shows him Kurus. kurūn (कुरून्) includes both armies. Bhīṣma (भीष्म) is a Kuru. Droṇa (द्रोण) is standing at their head. The teachers and the grandfather are inside the word he was told to look at. 1.26 is that look, noun by noun.
pārtha (पार्थ) calls him his mother's son. Sañjaya (सञ्जय) has been calling him the son of Pāṇḍu (पाण्डु). The mother's name is the one that will soften.
Split: भीष्म-द्रोण-प्रमुखतः + सर्वेषाम् + च + मही-क्षिताम् + उवाच + पार्थ + पश्य + एतान् + समवेतान् + कुरून् + इति
bhīṣma-droṇa-pramukhataḥ + sarveṣām + ca + mahī-kṣitām + uvāca + pārtha + paśya + etān + samavetān + kurūn + iti
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| भीष्म-द्रोण-प्रमुखतः | bhīṣma-droṇa-pramukhataḥ | indeclinable, --taḥ (तः) | in front of Bhīṣma (भीष्म) and Droṇa (द्रोण), with them at the head. |
| सर्वेषाम् | sarveṣām | genitive plural | of all. |
| मही-क्षिताम् | mahī-kṣitām | genitive plural | of the kings of the earth. kṣit (क्षित्) "ruling." |
| उवाच | uvāca | perfect, 3rd singular | he said. |
| पार्थ | pārtha | vocative | son of Pṛthā (पृथा). Arjuna. Pṛthā (पृथा) is Kuntī (कुन्ती). |
| पश्य | paśya | imperative | see. |
| एतान् | etān | accusative plural | these. |
| समवेतान् | samavetān | accusative plural | gathered. |
| कुरून् | kurūn | accusative plural | the Kurus. |
| इति | iti | indeclinable | thus. The close of a quotation. |
The phrases
bhīṣmadroṇapramukhataḥ sarveṣāṃ ca mahīkṣitām (भीष्मद्रोणप्रमुखतः सर्वेषां च महीक्षिताम्) is where he stopped the chariot. In front of Bhīṣma (भीष्म) and Droṇa (द्रोण), and of all the kings. --taḥ (तः) on pramukha (प्रमुख) means "in front of, from the presence of." The genitives say in front of whom.
uvāca (उवाच) is the verb 1.24 was waiting for.
pārtha paśyaitān samavetān kurūn (पार्थ पश्यैतान् समवेतान् कुरून्) is the whole speech. "Pārtha (पार्थ), see these Kurus gathered." पश्य + एतान् paśya + etān becomes paśyaitān (पश्यैतान्), the same sandhi as paśyaitām (पश्यैताम्) in 1.3.
iti (इति) closes the quote. What Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) said is finished. The word kurūn (कुरून्) is the last thing Arjuna hears before he looks.
Sanskrit in this line
The suffix --taḥ (तः) makes an adverb of "from" or "in front of." pramukha (प्रमुख) is "facing, at the head." pramukhataḥ (प्रमुखतः) is "from the front, in the presence." You do not decline it further. The people in whose presence he stopped are in the genitive: sarveṣām mahīkṣitām (सर्वेषाम् महीक्षिताम्), and inside the compound bhīṣma-droṇa (भीष्म-द्रोण).
iti (इति) is the end of reported speech. It can follow a single word or a whole book. Here it follows four words. When you see iti (इति), look back for the start of the quote. Here the start is pārtha (पार्थ).
Say it back
Kṛṣṇa's (कृष्ण) speech is four words and a vocative. Say them. Then say what kurūn (कुरून्) covers that Arjuna's request in 1.23 did not.