1.27
तान्समीक्ष्य स कौन्तेयः सर्वान्बन्धूनवस्थितान् ।
कृपया परयाविष्टो विषीदन्निदमब्रवीत् ॥
tān samīkṣya sa kaunteyaḥ sarvān bandhūn avasthitān
kṛpayā parayāviṣṭo viṣīdan idam abravīt
Sañjaya (सञ्जय), for one more verse. Then Arjuna's mouth takes the book and does not give it back until 1.47.
The verse
Looking at all those kinsmen standing there, the son of Kuntī (कुन्ती) was seized by a supreme pity, and in despair he said this.
नेपालीमा
त्यहाँ उभिएका ती सबै आफन्तलाई हेरेर कुन्तीका छोरा अत्यन्त दयाले ग्रस्त भए, र निराशामा यो भने।
Where it sits
kṛpayā (कृपया) is the name of the collapse. The chapter is called Arjuna-viṣāda (अर्जुन-विषाद), Arjuna's despair, and viṣīdan (विषीदन्) is that word as a participle. Pity first, then the sinking. He has not yet said that the war is a sin. He is already speaking from inside the pity. Every argument from here to 1.46 is this state looking for reasons.
Split: तान् + समीक्ष्य + सः + कौन्तेयः + सर्वान् + बन्धून् + अवस्थितान् + कृपया + परया + आविष्टः + विषीदन् + इदम् + अब्रवीत्
tān + samīkṣya + saḥ + kaunteyaḥ + sarvān + bandhūn + avasthitān + kṛpayā + parayā + āviṣṭaḥ + viṣīdan + idam + abravīt
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| तान् | tān | accusative plural | them. The people of 1.26. |
| समीक्ष्य | samīkṣya | gerund | having looked at fully. सम्-ईक्ष् sam-īkṣ. |
| सः | saḥ | nominative | he. |
| कौन्तेयः | kaunteyaḥ | nominative | the son of Kuntī (कुन्ती). |
| सर्वान् | sarvān | accusative plural | all. |
| बन्धून् | bandhūn | accusative plural | kinsmen. |
| अवस्थितान् | avasthitān | accusative plural | standing there. |
| कृपया | kṛpayā | instrumental | by pity, by compassion. |
| परया | parayā | instrumental | by supreme. Agrees with kṛpayā (कृपया). |
| आविष्टः | āviṣṭaḥ | nominative | entered, seized, overwhelmed. |
| विषीदन् | viṣīdan | present participle | despairing, sinking. |
| इदम् | idam | accusative | this. |
| अब्रवीत् | abravīt | imperfect | he said. |
The phrases
तान् समीक्ष्य … सर्वान् बन्धून् अवस्थितान् tān samīkṣya … sarvān bandhūn avasthitān is the gerund and its object. Having looked at all those kinsmen standing there. tān (तान्) points back at the list.
sa kaunteyaḥ (स कौन्तेयः) is the subject. The mother's name again, from Sañjaya (सञ्जय) this time. saḥ (सः) before k (क्) becomes sa (स). The visarga of saḥ (सः) drops before a consonant.
kṛpayā parayā āviṣṭaḥ (कृपया परया आविष्टः) is the state. Seized by a supreme pity. परया + आविष्टः parayā + āviṣṭaḥ joins आ + आ ā + ā into ā (आ): parayāviṣṭaḥ (परयाविष्टः). You cannot see the join. You have to know the two words.
विषीदन् इदम् अब्रवीत् viṣīdan idam abravīt is the manner and the verb. Despairing, he said this. viṣīdan (विषीदन्) before i (इ) is recited viṣīdannidam (विषीदन्निदम्).
Sanskrit in this line
kṛpā (कृपा) is a feminine ā (आ)-stem. Its instrumental is --ayā (अया): kṛpayā (कृपया), "by pity." parā (परा) "supreme" takes the same ending because it agrees: parayā (परया). Two instrumentals, one cause, the same pattern as drupadaputreṇa tava śiṣyeṇa dhīmatā (द्रुपदपुत्रेण तव शिष्येण धीमता) in 1.3. There the instrumental was a person. Here it is a feeling. The case does both jobs.
आ + आ ā + ā becomes ā (आ). The join is invisible. parayāviṣṭaḥ (परयाविष्टः) is parayā (परया) plus āviṣṭaḥ (आविष्टः), not a new stem parayāviṣṭa (परयाविष्ट). When a long vowel in the middle of a recited word could be a sandhi, test the split before you memorize a ghost word.
Say it back
What seized him, and what he was doing as he started to speak. kṛpayā (कृपया) and viṣīdan (विषीदन्).