1.32
न काङ्क्षे विजयं कृष्ण न च राज्यं सुखानि च ।
किं नो राज्येन गोविन्द किं भोगैर्जीवितेन वा ॥
na kāṅkṣe vijayaṃ kṛṣṇa na ca rājyaṃ sukhāni ca
kiṃ no rājyena govinda kiṃ bhogair jīvitena vā
What he does not want. The fruits, named.
The verse
I do not long for victory, Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण), nor for a kingdom, nor for pleasures. Of what use to us is a kingdom, Govinda, or enjoyments, or life itself?
नेपालीमा
हे कृष्ण, म विजय चाहन्न, न राज्य, न सुख। हे गोविन्द, राज्यले हामीलाई के काम, भोगले के, वा जीवनले नै के।
Where it sits
The war, for him, was a way to get these things back. He sets the things down. He has not yet said why they are useless. 1.33 says why: the people they would be enjoyed with are the people standing in front of him. Read 1.32 and 1.33 as one sentence that the double danda happens to cut.
Split: न + काङ्क्षे + विजयम् + कृष्ण + न + च + राज्यम् + सुखानि + च + किम् + नः + राज्येन + गोविन्द + किम् + भोगैः + जीवितेन + वा
na + kāṅkṣe + vijayam + kṛṣṇa + na + ca + rājyam + sukhāni + ca + kim + naḥ + rājyena + govinda + kim + bhogaiḥ + jīvitena + vā
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| काङ्क्षे | kāṅkṣe | present, 1st singular, middle | I desire, I long for. |
| विजयम् | vijayam | accusative | victory. |
| राज्यम् | rājyam | accusative | a kingdom. |
| सुखानि | sukhāni | accusative plural, neuter | pleasures, happinesses. |
| किम् | kim | indeclinable | what. What use. |
| नः | naḥ | enclitic, dative/genitive | for us, our. |
| राज्येन | rājyena | instrumental | with a kingdom, by a kingdom. |
| गोविन्द | govinda | vocative | Govinda. Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण), finder of the cows, or the name of the protector. |
| भोगैः | bhogaiḥ | instrumental plural | with enjoyments. |
| जीवितेन | jīvitena | instrumental | with life. |
| वा | vā | indeclinable | or. |
The phrases
na kāṅkṣe vijayam (न काङ्क्षे विजयम्) is the first refusal. I do not long for victory.
na ca rājyaṃ sukhāni ca (न च राज्यं सुखानि च) adds kingdom and the pleasures. The na (न) covers the line. च … च ca … ca pairs kingdom and pleasures as one refusal.
kiṃ naḥ rājyena (किं नः राज्येन) is the rhetorical question. What is a kingdom to us. What do we do with it. The instrumental is the way Sanskrit says "what is the use of X."
kiṃ bhogaiḥ jīvitena vā (किं भोगैः जीवितेन वा) extends it. What use are enjoyments, or life. bhogaiḥ (भोगैः) before j (ज्) has become bhogair (भोगैर्).
Two vocatives, kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) and govinda (गोविन्द), one in each line. He keeps turning to the man beside him as the list of refusals grows.
Sanskrit in this line
kim (किम्) plus an instrumental means "what is the use of." Not "what is the kingdom," which would be nominative, and not "what kingdom," which would be accusative. rājyena (राज्येन) is "by means of a kingdom," and kim (किम्) makes that means look empty. bhogaiḥ (भोगैः) and jīvitena (जीवितेन) are the same case, so they are further empty means, not new questions. One kim (किम्) can govern several instrumentals. The second kim (किम्) in this verse is him saying it again, harder.
naḥ (नः) is the unaccented form of "us." It cannot start a phrase. It leans on kim (किम्). kim naḥ (किम् नः) is "what, for us."
Say it back
Three things he does not desire. Then three things he says are useless, in the instrumental.