1.33
येषामर्थे काङ्क्षितं नो राज्यं भोगाः सुखानि च ।
त इमेऽवस्थिता युद्धे प्राणांस्त्यक्त्वा धनानि च ॥
yeṣām arthe kāṅkṣitaṃ no rājyaṃ bhogāḥ sukhāni ca
ta ime 'vasthitā yuddhe prāṇāṃs tyaktvā dhanāni ca
The reason 1.32's kingdom is useless.
The verse
The very people for whose sake we desired kingdom, enjoyments, and pleasures are standing here in battle, having given up lives and wealth.
नेपालीमा
जसका लागि हामीले राज्य, भोग र सुख चाहेका थियौं, ती नै यहाँ युद्धमा उभिएका छन्, ज्यान र धन छोडेर।
Where it sits
This is the argument under the despair, and it is a real argument. The fruit of the war was supposed to be shared with these men. These men are the price. He has not yet called the killing a sin against the family order. He has called it pointless. Pointless comes first. Sin comes at 1.36.
Split: येषाम् + अर्थे + काङ्क्षितम् + नः + राज्यम् + भोगाः + सुखानि + च + ते + इमे + अवस्थिताः + युद्धे + प्राणान् + त्यक्त्वा + धनानि + च
yeṣām + arthe + kāṅkṣitam + naḥ + rājyam + bhogāḥ + sukhāni + ca + te + ime + avasthitāḥ + yuddhe + prāṇān + tyaktvā + dhanāni + ca
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| येषाम् | yeṣām | genitive plural, relative | of whom. Those whose. |
| अर्थे | arthe | locative | for the sake of. |
| काङ्क्षितम् | kāṅkṣitam | nominative, neuter | desired. Past participle of the verb in 1.32. |
| नः | naḥ | enclitic | by us. |
| राज्यम्, भोगाः, सुखानि | rājyam, bhogāḥ, sukhāni | nominatives | kingdom, enjoyments, pleasures. The things desired. |
| ते | te | nominative plural | they. The partner of yeṣām (येषाम्). |
| इमे | ime | nominative plural | these. |
| अवस्थिताः | avasthitāḥ | nominative plural | standing. |
| युद्धे | yuddhe | locative | in battle. |
| प्राणान् | prāṇān | accusative plural | life-breaths, lives. |
| त्यक्त्वा | tyaktvā | gerund | having abandoned. |
| धनानि | dhanāni | accusative plural | wealth, riches. |
The phrases
येषाम् अर्थे काङ्क्षितम् नः yeṣām arthe kāṅkṣitam naḥ is the relative. For whose sake it was desired by us. kāṅkṣitam (काङ्क्षितम्) agrees with the things, especially with rājyam (राज्यम्), and covers the list.
rājyaṃ bhogāḥ sukhāni ca (राज्यं भोगाः सुखानि च) are those things. Kingdom is neuter, enjoyments and pleasures are in their own genders. A list is allowed to be grammatically mixed. The verb-adjective kāṅkṣitam (काङ्क्षितम्) has taken the gender of the nearest, rājyam (राज्यम्).
te ime 'vasthitā yuddhe (ते इमे ऽवस्थिता युद्धे) is the main clause. They, these, are standing in battle. ते + इमे te + ime becomes ta ime (त इमे), because ए + इ e + i turns the e (ए) into a (अ) and leaves the i (इ). Then इमे + अवस्थिताः ime + avasthitāḥ becomes ime 'vasthitāḥ (इमे ऽवस्थिताः), and the ḥ (ः) drops before y (य्): ime 'vasthitā yuddhe (इमे ऽवस्थिता युद्धे).
prāṇān tyaktvā dhanāni ca (प्राणान् त्यक्त्वा धनानि च) describes them. Having abandoned lives and wealth. They are already spending both by being here.
Sanskrit in this line
येषाम् … ते yeṣām … te is the relative pair, the same logic as ये … तान् ye … tān in 1.7. "Of whom … they." The relative clause can come first, which it does here. English usually cannot start with "of whom" and survive. Sanskrit can. When you meet yeṣām (येषाम्) at the start of a verse, wait for te (ते).
ए + इ e + i becomes a (अ) plus the i (इ). te ime (ते इमे) is recited ta ime (त इमे). The e (ए) is not deleted into nothing. It leaves a short a (अ) behind. This is different from ए + अ e + a, which drops the a (अ) and leaves an avagraha, as in me 'cyuta (मे ऽच्युत). The following vowel decides which rule you are in.
The sentence does not end at the double danda. 1.34 is still naming te ime (ते इमे).
Say it back
For whose sake was the kingdom desired, and where are those people now. Use yeṣām (येषाम्) and te (ते).