1.34
आचार्याः पितरः पुत्रास्तथैव च पितामहाः ।
मातुलाः श्वशुराः पौत्राः श्यालाः सम्बन्धिनस्तथा ॥
ācāryāḥ pitaraḥ putrās tathā eva ca pitāmahāḥ
mātulāḥ śvaśurāḥ pautrāḥ śyālāḥ sambandhinas tathā
No verb. This verse is the "they" of 1.33, spelled out, and the "these" of 1.35, not yet named.
The verse
Teachers, fathers, sons, and grandfathers too; maternal uncles, fathers-in-law, grandsons, brothers-in-law, and the other relations.
नेपालीमा
गुरु, बाबु, छोरा, र हजुरबुबा पनि, मामा, ससुरा, नाति, सालो, र अरू नातेदार यहाँ छन्।
Where it sits
He is making Dhṛtarāṣṭra's (धृतराष्ट्र) sons disappear into kinship words, the way 1.26 already did from the outside. There is no duryodhana (दुर्योधन) in this list. There is no karṇa (कर्ण). A brother-in-law and a teacher cannot be "the evil-minded one's allies" at the same time, not in the grammar he is using now. He has dropped durbuddheḥ (दुर्बुद्धेः) from 1.23.
Split: आचार्याः + पितरः + पुत्राः + तथा + एव + च + पितामहाः + मातुलाः + श्वशुराः + पौत्राः + श्यालाः + सम्बन्धिनः + तथा
ācāryāḥ + pitaraḥ + putrāḥ + tathā + eva + ca + pitāmahāḥ + mātulāḥ + śvaśurāḥ + pautrāḥ + śyālāḥ + sambandhinaḥ + tathā
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| आचार्याः | ācāryāḥ | nominative plural | teachers. |
| पितरः | pitaraḥ | nominative plural of pitṛ (पितृ) | fathers. |
| पुत्राः | putrāḥ | nominative plural | sons. |
| पितामहाः | pitāmahāḥ | nominative plural | grandfathers. |
| मातुलाः | mātulāḥ | nominative plural | maternal uncles. |
| श्वशुराः | śvaśurāḥ | nominative plural | fathers-in-law. |
| पौत्राः | pautrāḥ | nominative plural | grandsons. |
| श्यालाः | śyālāḥ | nominative plural | brothers-in-law. Wives' brothers. |
| सम्बन्धिनः | sambandhinaḥ | nominative plural | kinsmen by marriage, relations. |
| तथा एव च | tathā eva ca | indeclinable | and likewise. |
The phrases
A nominative list. Teachers, fathers, sons, and grandfathers likewise. Maternal uncles, fathers-in-law, grandsons, brothers-in-law, and relations likewise.
Compare 1.26. That list was accusative, because it was what he saw. This list is nominative, because these people are the subject of "they are standing" in 1.33 and of "I do not want to kill them" in 1.35. Same family. Different case, because the job changed.
putrāḥ tathā (पुत्राः तथा) is recited putrās tathā (पुत्रास् तथा). āḥ (आः) before t (त्) becomes ās (आस्).
Sanskrit in this line
When a verse has no verb, the verb is in the neighbor. 1.33's avasthitāḥ (अवस्थिताः) is still true of this list, and 1.35's etān (एतान्) will point back at it. Parsing a verse in isolation will invent a verb you do not need, usually "there are." Do not. Read 1.33, this verse, and 1.35 as one period.
pitaraḥ (पितरः) is the nominative plural of pitṛ (पितृ), and it is not pitṝn (पितॄन्). You had pitṝn (पितॄन्) as the accusative in 1.26. Same stem, two cases: pitaraḥ (पितरः) when they are the subject, pitṝn (पितॄन्) when they are the object. This pair is worth a minute on paper.
Say it back
Close the book and write pitaraḥ (पितरः) and pitṝn (पितॄन्). Say which one is the subject and which one is the thing seen. Then put the list back in its sentence, across the three verses.