2.1
सञ्जय उवाच
तं तथा कृपयाविष्टमश्रुपूर्णाकुलेक्षणम् ।
विषीदन्तमिदं वाक्यमुवाच मधुसूदनः ॥
sañjaya uvāca
taṃ tathā kṛpayāviṣṭam aśrupūrṇākulekṣaṇam
viṣīdantam idaṃ vākyam uvāca madhusūdanaḥ
Sañjaya (सञ्जय) is speaking, and the accusatives are Arjuna, still on the seat, while madhusūdanaḥ (मधुसूदनः) is Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) about to speak.
The verse
Sañjaya (सञ्जय) said: Madhusūdana (मधुसूदन) spoke this speech to him, thus overcome by pity, his eyes full of tears and agitated, despairing.
नेपालीमा
सञ्जयले भने, दयाले यसरी ग्रस्त, आँखा आँसुले भरिएका र व्याकुल, निराश भएका उसलाई मधुसूदनले यो वचन भन्नुभयो।
Where it sits
Chapter 2 opens on the outside of the sitting man, in pity, tears, and despair. Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is about to speak.
Split: तम् + तथा + कृपया + आविष्टम् + अश्रु-पूर्ण-आकुल-ईक्षणम् + विषीदन्तम् + इदम् + वाक्यम् + उवाच + मधुसूदनः
tam + tathā + kṛpayā + āviṣṭam + aśru-pūrṇa-ākula-īkṣaṇam + viṣīdantam + idam + vākyam + uvāca + madhusūdanaḥ
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| तम् | tam | accusative singular | him. Arjuna. |
| तथा | tathā | indeclinable | thus, in that condition. |
| कृपया | kṛpayā | instrumental singular of kṛpā (कृपा) | by pity. |
| आविष्टम् | āviṣṭam | accusative singular, past participle of ā-viś (आ-विश्) | entered, overcome. |
| अश्रु-पूर्ण-आकुल-ईक्षणम् | aśru-pūrṇa-ākula-īkṣaṇam | accusative, bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) | whose eyes are full of tears and agitated. īkṣaṇa (ईक्षण) is the eye, the look. |
| विषीदन्तम् | viṣīdantam | accusative, present participle of vi-sad (वि-सद्) | despairing. |
| इदम् | idam | accusative neuter | this. |
| वाक्यम् | vākyam | accusative | speech, these words. |
| उवाच | uvāca | perfect, 3rd singular of vac (वच्) | he said. |
| मधुसूदनः | madhusūdanaḥ | nominative | Madhusūdana (मधुसूदन). Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण), slayer of Madhu (मधु). |
The phrases
tam tathā kṛpayā āviṣṭam (तम् तथा कृपया आविष्टम्) is the man and the state. Him, thus overcome by pity. kṛpayā (कृपया) is the instrument. āviṣṭam (आविष्टम्) agrees with tam (तम्). आ + आ ā + ā joins kṛpayā (कृपया) and āviṣṭam (आविष्टम्) into kṛpayāviṣṭam (कृपयाविष्टम्).
aśrupūrṇākulekṣaṇam (अश्रुपूर्णाकुलेक्षणम्) is the face, read from the end. Eyes, īkṣaṇa (ईक्षण), that are ākula (आकुल), agitated, and pūrṇa (पूर्ण), full, of aśru (अश्रु), tears. Inside the compound, पूर्ण + आकुल pūrṇa + ākula becomes pūrṇākula (पूर्णाकुल), and आकुल + ईक्षण ākula + īkṣaṇa becomes ākulekṣaṇa (आकुलेक्षण), because अ + ई a + ī becomes e (ए).
विषीदन्तम् इदम् वाक्यम् उवाच मधुसूदनः viṣīdantam idam vākyam uvāca madhusūdanaḥ is the main clause. To him, as he despaired, Madhusūdana (मधुसूदन) said this speech. The speech is 2.2.
Sanskrit in this line
m (म्) before a vowel stays m (म्) and is written into the next vowel: आविष्टम् अश्रु āviṣṭam aśru is āviṣṭamaśru (आविष्टमश्रु), विषीदन्तम् इदम् viṣīdantam idam is विषीदन्तमिदम् viṣīdantamidaṃ, वाक्यम् उवाच vākyam uvāca is vākyamuvāca (वाक्यमुवाच). m (म्) before a consonant becomes the dot, anusvāra: tam tathā (तम् तथा) is taṃ tathā (तं तथा), and idam vākyam (इदम् वाक्यम्) is idaṃ vākyam (इदं वाक्यम्).
Say it back
Cover the English. Say the three descriptions of the man, then who spoke. If viṣīdantam (विषीदन्तम्) drops out, the verse is only a wet face.