2.3
क्लैब्यं मा स्म गमः पार्थ नैतत्त्वय्युपपद्यते ।
क्षुद्रं हृदयदौर्बल्यं त्यक्त्वोत्तिष्ठ परन्तप ॥
klaibyaṃ mā sma gamaḥ pārtha naitat tvayy upapadyate
kṣudraṃ hṛdayadaurbalyaṃ tyaktvottiṣṭha parantapa
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking to Arjuna, with no new speaker-line, and the friend's speech continues.
The verse
Do not go into unmanliness, son of Pṛthā (पृथा), for this does not fit you, and having left this petty weakness of the heart, stand up, scorcher of the foe.
नेपालीमा
हे पृथाका छोरा, पौरुषहीनतामा नजाऊ, किनकि यो तिमीमा मिल्दैन। हृदयको यो सानो कमजोरी छाडेर उठ, हे शत्रुलाई दग्ध गर्ने।
Where it sits
The bow is on the floor, and uttiṣṭha (उत्तिष्ठ) is the friend's command to a man who wished to be killed unarmed. The teaching has not started.
Split: क्लैब्यम् + मा + स्म + गमः + पार्थ + न + एतत् + त्वयि + उपपद्यते + क्षुद्रम् + हृदय-दौर्बल्यम् + त्यक्त्वा + उत्तिष्ठ + परन्तप
klaibyam + mā + sma + gamaḥ + pārtha + na + etat + tvayi + upapadyate + kṣudram + hṛdaya-daurbalyam + tyaktvā + uttiṣṭha + parantapa
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| क्लैब्यम् | klaibyam | accusative | unmanliness. From klība (क्लीब), impotent. |
| मा | mā | prohibitive particle | do not. |
| स्म | sma | particle with mā (मा) | marks the prohibition as settled. |
| गमः | gamaḥ | injunctive, 2nd singular of gam (गम्) | go. The augment is absent on purpose. |
| पार्थ | pārtha | vocative | son of Pṛthā (पृथा). Arjuna. |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| एतत् | etat | nominative neuter | this. |
| त्वयि | tvayi | locative of tvam (त्वम्) | in you. |
| उपपद्यते | upapadyate | present, 3rd singular, middle | it fits, it belongs. From upa-pad (उप-पद्). |
| क्षुद्रम् | kṣudram | accusative | petty, small. |
| हृदय-दौर्बल्यम् | hṛdaya-daurbalyam | accusative | weakness of the heart. |
| त्यक्त्वा | tyaktvā | gerund of tyaj (त्यज्) | having left. |
| उत्तिष्ठ | uttiṣṭha | imperative, 2nd singular of ud-sthā (उद्-स्था) | stand up. |
| परन्तप | parantapa | vocative | scorcher of the foe. |
The phrases
क्लैब्यम् मा स्म गमः klaibyaṃ mā sma gamaḥ is the prohibition. Do not go into unmanliness. pārtha (पार्थ) is the name he uses for the man whose mother is Pṛthā (पृथा).
na etat tvayi upapadyate (न एतत् त्वयि उपपद्यते) is the reason in one clause. This does not fit in you. न + एतत् na + etat is naitat (नैतत्). एतत् + त्वयि etat + tvayi doubles the t (त्): naitat tvayi (नैतत् त्वयि) is recited naitattvayi (नैतत्त्वयि). त्वयि + उपपद्यते tvayi + upapadyate turns i (इ) into y (य्): tvayyupapadyate (त्वय्युपपद्यते).
kṣudram hṛdayadaurbalyam tyaktvā uttiṣṭha (क्षुद्रम् हृदयदौर्बल्यम् त्यक्त्वा उत्तिष्ठ) is the command. Having left this petty weakness of heart, stand up. त्यक्त्वा + उत्तिष्ठ tyaktvā + uttiṣṭha is tyaktvottiṣṭha (त्यक्त्वोत्तिष्ठ), because आ + उ ā + u becomes o (ओ). parantapa (परन्तप) is a fighter's name, vocative, no visarga.
Sanskrit in this line
mā sma gamaḥ (मा स्म गमः) is a prohibition, and the verb is injunctive: an aorist shape with the past-time a- (अ-) left off. gamaḥ (गमः) is second person singular, "you go." With mā (मा) it means "do not go." Do not put the augment back. agamaḥ (अगमः) would be a past, "you went," and mā (मा) does not take that form.
Say it back
The prohibition and the command to stand. If uttiṣṭha (उत्तिष्ठ) comes out as a wish instead of an order, stay here.