2.9
सञ्जय उवाच
एवमुक्त्वा हृषीकेशं गुडाकेशः परन्तप ।
न योत्स्य इति गोविन्दमुक्त्वा तूष्णीं बभूव ह ॥
sañjaya uvāca
evam uktvā hṛṣīkeśaṃ guḍākeśaḥ parantapa
na yotsya iti govindam uktvā tūṣṇīṃ babhūva ha
Sañjaya (सञ्जय) is speaking again, and the speech is over because the speaker has gone silent.
The verse
Sañjaya (सञ्जय) said: Having spoken thus to Hṛṣīkeśa (हृषीकेश), Guḍākeśa (गुडाकेश), scorcher of the foe, said to Govinda (गोविन्द) "I will not fight," and became silent.
नेपालीमा
सञ्जयले भने, हृषीकेशलाई यसरी भनेर शत्रुलाई दग्ध गर्ने गुडाकेशले गोविन्दलाई म लड्दिन भने र चुप लागे।
Where it sits
The refusal is now a fact in the narrator's mouth: he will not fight, and then he is quiet. Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) has been addressed by friend-names, and the teaching speech has not begun.
Split: एवम् + उक्त्वा + हृषीकेशम् + गुडाकेशः + परन्तपः + न + योत्स्ये + इति + गोविन्दम् + उक्त्वा + तूष्णीम् + बभूव + ह
evam + uktvā + hṛṣīkeśam + guḍākeśaḥ + parantapaḥ + na + yotsye + iti + govindam + uktvā + tūṣṇīm + babhūva + ha
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| एवम् | evam | indeclinable | thus. |
| उक्त्वा | uktvā | gerund of vac (वच्) | having spoken. |
| हृषीकेशम् | hṛṣīkeśam | accusative | to Hṛṣīkeśa (हृषीकेश). Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण). |
| गुडाकेशः | guḍākeśaḥ | nominative | Guḍākeśa (गुडाकेश). Arjuna, lord of sleep: guḍākā (गुडाका) is sleep, īśa (ईश) is lord. |
| परन्तपः | parantapaḥ | nominative | scorcher of the foe. The same epithet, now agreeing with the subject. |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| योत्स्ये | yotsye | future, 1st singular of yudh (युध्) | I shall fight. |
| इति | iti | indeclinable | thus. It closes a quotation. |
| गोविन्दम् | govindam | accusative | to Govinda (गोविन्द). Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण). |
| उक्त्वा | uktvā | gerund | having said. |
| तूष्णीम् | tūṣṇīm | indeclinable | silent. |
| बभूव | babhūva | perfect, 3rd singular of bhū (भू) | he became. |
| ह | ha | particle | indeed. A light mark that the report is told. |
The phrases
एवम् उक्त्वा हृषीकेशम् evam uktvā hṛṣīkeśam closes 2.4 through 2.8. Having spoken thus to Hṛṣīkeśa (हृषीकेश). guḍākeśaḥ parantapaḥ (गुडाकेशः परन्तपः) is the subject, Arjuna under two names. This Devanagari line prints parantapa (परन्तप) before the pause, with the visarga left off.
न योत्स्ये इति गोविन्दम् उक्त्वा na yotsye iti govindam uktvā is the quotation. Having said to Govinda (गोविन्द), "I will not fight." Two gerunds, two names of the man being spoken to. The quoted sentence is three words: na yotsye iti (न योत्स्ये इति).
tūṣṇīm babhūva ha (तूष्णीम् बभूव ह) is the silence. He became silent. tūṣṇīm babhūva (तूष्णीम् बभूव) is recited tūṣṇīṃ babhūva (तूष्णीं बभूव).
Sanskrit in this line
योत्स्ये + इति yotsye + iti is recited yotsya iti (योत्स्य इति). e (ए) before a vowel other than a (अ) becomes short a (अ), and the following vowel stays: ए + इ e + i becomes अ + इ a + i. There is no avagraha, because the vowel that followed was i (इ), not a (अ). The e (ए) of yotsye (योत्स्ये) is the ending that says "I shall." Lose it and the quotation has no person. The Devanagari prints parantapa (परन्तप) where the word is parantapaḥ (परन्तपः); the IAST of this verse keeps the visarga, and the nominative agrees with guḍākeśaḥ (गुडाकेशः).
Say it back
The quoted sentence, with yotsye (योत्स्ये) restored, and the silence after it.