2.14
मात्रास्पर्शास्तु कौन्तेय शीतोष्णसुखदुःखदाः ।
आगमापायिनोऽनित्यास्तांस्तितिक्षस्व भारत ॥
mātrāsparśās tu kaunteya śītoṣṇasukhaduḥkhadāḥ
āgamāpāyino 'nityās tāṃs titikṣasva bhārata
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) continues, and bhārata (भारत) here is Arjuna in the chariot.
The verse
Contacts of the senses, son of Kuntī (कुन्ती), give cold and heat, pleasure and pain; they come and go and do not last; endure them, Bhārata.
नेपालीमा
हे कुन्तीका छोरा, इन्द्रियका स्पर्शले जाडो र गर्मी, सुख र दुःख दिन्छन्, ती आउँछन् जान्छन् र टिक्दैनन्। हे भारत, तिनीहरूलाई सहन गर।
Where it sits
After the change of body come the pairs the body meets, and the command is to bear them because they come and go. The fight has not been commanded again.
Split: मात्रा-स्पर्शाः + तु + कौन्तेय + शीत-उष्ण-सुख-दुःख-दाः + आगम-अपायिनः + अनित्याः + तान् + तितिक्षस्व + भारत
mātrā-sparśāḥ + tu + kaunteya + śīta-uṣṇa-sukha-duḥkha-dāḥ + āgama-apāyinaḥ + anityāḥ + tān + titikṣasva + bhārata
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| मात्रा-स्पर्शाः | mātrā-sparśāḥ | nominative plural | contacts of the senses with their objects. mātrā (मात्रा) is the measure a sense takes. sparśa (स्पर्श) is contact. |
| तु | tu | indeclinable | and. |
| कौन्तेय | kaunteya | vocative | son of Kuntī (कुन्ती). |
| शीत-उष्ण-सुख-दुःख-दाः | śīta-uṣṇa-sukha-duḥkha-dāḥ | nominative plural | givers of cold, heat, pleasure, and pain. dā (दा) is the giver. |
| आगम-अपायिनः | āgama-apāyinaḥ | nominative plural | coming and going away. āgama (आगम) is arrival. apāyin (अपायिन्) goes away. |
| अनित्याः | anityāḥ | nominative plural | not lasting. |
| तान् | tān | accusative plural | them. The contacts. |
| तितिक्षस्व | titikṣasva | imperative, 2nd singular, middle | endure. Desiderative of tij (तिज्). |
| भारत | bhārata | vocative | Bhārata. Arjuna. |
The phrases
mātrāsparśāḥ tu kaunteya śītoṣṇasukhaduḥkhadāḥ (मात्रास्पर्शाः तु कौन्तेय शीतोष्णसुखदुःखदाः) names what meets him. Contacts with the objects of sense, son of Kuntī (कुन्ती), give cold and heat, pleasure and pain. मात्रास्पर्शाः + तु mātrāsparśāḥ + tu is mātrāsparśās tu (मात्रास्पर्शास् तु). शीत + उष्ण śīta + uṣṇa is śītoṣṇa (शीतोष्ण).
āgamāpāyinaḥ anityāḥ (आगमापायिनः अनित्याः) says what kind of things they are. They come and they go, and they do not last. अपायिनः + अनित्याः apāyinaḥ + anityāḥ is apāyino 'nityāḥ (अपायिनोऽनित्याः).
tān titikṣasva bhārata (तान् तितिक्षस्व भारत) is the command. Endure them. tān (तान्) is accusative, the same contacts that were nominative in the first line. अनित्याः + तान् anityāḥ + tān is anityās tān (अनित्यास् तान्), and तान् + तितिक्षस्व tān + titikṣasva is tāṃs titikṣasva (तांस् तितिक्षस्व).
Sanskrit in this line
tān (तान्) changes the case, and the case is the command. The contacts are nominative while the verse says what they do: they give cold and heat, they come, they go. tān (तान्) makes them the object of titikṣasva (तितिक्षस्व). The verb is middle imperative, second person, from the desiderative stem titikṣa (तितिक्ष), "endure." The object has to be there. "Endure" with no "them" is not this sentence.
Say it back
What comes and goes, and the command with its object. tān titikṣasva (तान् तितिक्षस्व).