2.27
जातस्य हि ध्रुवो मृत्युर्ध्रुवं जन्म मृतस्य च ।
तस्मादपरिहार्येऽर्थे न त्वं शोचितुमर्हसि ॥
jātasya hi dhruvo mṛtyur dhruvaṃ janma mṛtasya ca
tasmād aparihārye 'rthe na tvaṃ śocitum arhasi
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) continues, and this verse is the reason for 2.26.
The verse
Death is certain for the one who has been born, and birth is certain for the one who has died; therefore you ought not to grieve in a matter that cannot be avoided.
नेपालीमा
जन्मेकोका लागि मृत्यु निश्चित छ, र मरेकोका लागि जन्म निश्चित छ। त्यसैले टार्न नसकिने कुरामा तिमीले शोक गर्नु हुँदैन।
Where it sits
On the view that beings die and are born, both are dhruva (ध्रुव), and grief does not fit a thing that cannot be avoided. This road does not need the unborn self, and it is the road that will meet the battle that arrived unasked.
Split: जातस्य + हि + ध्रुवः + मृत्युः + ध्रुवम् + जन्म + मृतस्य + च + तस्मात् + अपरिहार्ये + अर्थे + न + त्वम् + शोचितुम् + अर्हसि
jātasya + hi + dhruvaḥ + mṛtyuḥ + dhruvam + janma + mṛtasya + ca + tasmāt + aparihārye + arthe + na + tvam + śocitum + arhasi
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| जातस्य | jātasya | genitive | of one who has been born. |
| हि | hi | indeclinable | for. |
| ध्रुवः | dhruvaḥ | nominative | certain, fixed. |
| मृत्युः | mṛtyuḥ | nominative | death. |
| ध्रुवम् | dhruvam | nominative neuter | certain. Agrees with janma (जन्म). |
| जन्म | janma | nominative neuter | birth. |
| मृतस्य | mṛtasya | genitive | of one who has died. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| तस्मात् | tasmāt | indeclinable | therefore. |
| अपरिहार्ये | aparihārye | locative, gerundive | in what is not to be avoided. |
| अर्थे | arthe | locative | in the matter. |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| त्वम् | tvam | nominative | you. |
| शोचितुम् | śocitum | infinitive | to grieve. |
| अर्हसि | arhasi | present, 2nd singular | you ought. |
The phrases
jātasya hi dhruvaḥ mṛtyuḥ (जातस्य हि ध्रुवः मृत्युः) is the first certainty. For the one who has been born, death is fixed. dhruvaḥ (ध्रुवः) before mṛtyuḥ (मृत्युः) is dhruvo (ध्रुवो). mṛtyuḥ (मृत्युः) before dhruvam (ध्रुवम्) is mṛtyur (मृत्युर्).
dhruvam janma mṛtasya ca (ध्रुवम् जन्म मृतस्य च) is the second. And for the one who has died, birth is fixed. The genitives do the "for." janma (जन्म) is neuter, so dhruvam (ध्रुवम्) matches it, while dhruvaḥ (ध्रुवः) matched the masculine mṛtyuḥ (मृत्युः).
तस्मात् अपरिहार्ये अर्थे न त्वम् शोचितुम् अर्हसि tasmāt aparihārye arthe na tvam śocitum arhasi is the consequence. Therefore you ought not to grieve in a matter that cannot be avoided. तस्मात् + अपरिहार्ये tasmāt + aparihārye is tasmād aparihārye (तस्मादपरिहार्ये). अपरिहार्ये + अर्थे aparihārye + arthe is aparihārye 'rthe (अपरिहार्येऽर्थे).
Sanskrit in this line
aparihārye 'rthe (अपरिहार्येऽर्थे) is two locatives, and the avagraha is the dropped a (अ) of arthe (अर्थे). ए + अ e + a keeps the e (ए) and drops the a (अ). aparihārya (अपरिहार्य) is the gerundive, "not to be avoided," locative aparihārye (अपरिहार्ये). arthe (अर्थे) is "in the matter." Together: "in a matter there is no avoiding." Read past the avagraha and the locative of the matter disappears.
Say it back
What is certain for the born, what is certain for the dead, and the locative he is not to grieve in.