2.39
एषा तेऽभिहिता साङ्ख्ये बुद्धिर्योगे त्विमां शृणु ।
बुद्ध्या युक्तो यया पार्थ कर्मबन्धं प्रहास्यसि ॥
eṣā te 'bhihitā sāṅkhye buddhir yoge tvimāṃ śṛṇu
buddhyā yukto yayā pārtha karmabandhaṃ prahāsyasi
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is speaking, to Pārtha (पार्थ).
The verse
This buddhi has been declared to you in Sāṅkhya (साङ्ख्य); now hear it in yoga, Pārtha (पार्थ) — yoked with it, you will cast off the bondage of action.
नेपालीमा
यो बुद्धि साङ्ख्यमा तिमीलाई भनियो। अब हे पार्थ, योगमा यो सुन, यो बुद्धिमा जोडिएर तिमीले कर्मको बन्धन फाल्नेछौ।
Where it sits
He names the turn: what he has already said is the buddhi in Sāṅkhya (साङ्ख्य), and what follows, through 2.53, is the buddhi in yoga. Arjuna (अर्जुन) does not speak in it.
Split: एषा + ते + अभिहिता + साङ्ख्ये + बुद्धिः + योगे + तु + इमाम् + शृणु + बुद्ध्या + युक्तः + यया + पार्थ + कर्म-बन्धम् + प्रहास्यसि
eṣā + te + abhihitā + sāṅkhye + buddhiḥ + yoge + tu + imām + śṛṇu + buddhyā + yuktaḥ + yayā + pārtha + karma-bandham + prahāsyasi
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| एषा | eṣā | nominative feminine | this. Agrees with buddhiḥ (बुद्धिः). |
| ते | te | dative enclitic | to you. |
| अभिहिता | abhihitā | nominative feminine, past participle | declared, spoken. From abhi-dhā (अभि-धा). |
| साङ्ख्ये | sāṅkhye | locative | in Sāṅkhya (साङ्ख्य). The account already given. |
| बुद्धिः | buddhiḥ | nominative | the buddhi, the understanding. |
| योगे | yoge | locative | in yoga. |
| तु | tu | indeclinable | but, and. The turn. |
| इमाम् | imām | accusative feminine | this. A second buddhi, the one to hear now. |
| शृणु | śṛṇu | imperative, 2nd singular | hear. |
| बुद्ध्या | buddhyā | instrumental | by the buddhi. |
| युक्तः | yuktaḥ | nominative masculine | yoked, joined. Describes the "you" inside the verb. |
| यया | yayā | instrumental feminine of yad (यद्) | by which. Agrees with buddhyā (बुद्ध्या). |
| पार्थ | pārtha | vocative | Pārtha (पार्थ). Son of Pṛthā (पृथा). Arjuna (अर्जुन). |
| कर्म-बन्धम् | karma-bandham | accusative | the bondage that action makes. |
| प्रहास्यसि | prahāsyasi | future, 2nd singular | you will cast off. From pra-hā (प्र-हा). |
The phrases
eṣā te 'bhihitā sāṅkhye buddhiḥ (एषा तेऽभिहिता साङ्ख्ये बुद्धिः) is the first sentence, though the noun arrives late. This buddhi has been declared to you in Sāṅkhya (साङ्ख्य). eṣā (एषा), abhihitā (अभिहिता), and buddhiḥ (बुद्धिः) are all feminine nominative. They are one thing.
yoge tu imāṃ śṛṇu (योगे तु इमां शृणु) is the turn. But in yoga, hear this one. imām (इमाम्) is accusative, the object of śṛṇu (शृणु). तु + इमाम् tu + imām is recited tvimām (त्विमाम्).
buddhyā yukto yayā (बुद्ध्या युक्तो यया) is "yoked with that buddhi by which." yayā (यया) points back at buddhyā (बुद्ध्या). The person yoked is the person who will cast off.
karmabandhaṃ prahāsyasi (कर्मबन्धं प्रहास्यसि) is the promise of that buddhi. You will throw off the bondage of action. pārtha (पार्थ) is only the name he is called.
Sanskrit in this line
Two pronouns, two cases, one noun. eṣā (एषा) is nominative, "this," and it agrees with buddhiḥ (बुद्धिः), the buddhi already declared. imām (इमाम्) is accusative, "this," and it is what śṛṇu (शृणु) asks him to hear. Same kind of word, two jobs. If both come out as "this teaching," the turn is gone.
तु + इमाम् tu + imām shows the vowel join that hides the second pronoun. उ + इ u + i becomes vi (वि), so the recited line has tvimām (त्विमाम्).
Say it back
What was already declared, and what he is told to hear now. If yoge (योगे) comes out as the same word as sāṅkhye (साङ्ख्ये), stay here.