2.38
सुखदुःखे समे कृत्वा लाभालाभौ जयाजयौ ।
ततो युद्धाय युज्यस्व नैवं पापमवाप्स्यसि ॥
sukhaduḥkhe same kṛtvā lābhālābhau jayājayau
tato yuddhāya yujyasva naivaṃ pāpam avāpsyasi
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) continues, in the last verse of this stretch, and the pairs are made the same before he yokes himself to the battle.
The verse
Having made pleasure and pain the same, and gain and loss, and victory and defeat, yoke yourself to the battle; thus you will not obtain pāpa (पाप).
नेपालीमा
सुख र दुःख, लाभ र हानि, जय र पराजयलाई उस्तै बनाएर युद्धमा आफूलाई जोड। यसरी तिमीले पाप पाउनेछैनौ।
Where it sits
The stretch ends on the condition: the fight is entered with the three pairs made the same, and then pāpa (पाप) is not obtained. These verses leave the family's hell-cascade as he told it, and the longer account of this stance begins at 2.39.
Split: सुख-दुःखे + समे + कृत्वा + लाभ-अलाभौ + जय-अजयौ + ततः + युद्धाय + युज्यस्व + न + एवम् + पापम् + अवाप्स्यसि
sukha-duḥkhe + same + kṛtvā + lābha-alābhau + jaya-ajayau + tataḥ + yuddhāya + yujyasva + na + evam + pāpam + avāpsyasi
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| सुख-दुःखे | sukha-duḥkhe | accusative dual | pleasure and pain. |
| समे | same | accusative dual | the same, even. Agrees with sukhaduḥkhe (सुखदुःखे). |
| कृत्वा | kṛtvā | gerund of kṛ (कृ) | having made. |
| लाभ-अलाभौ | lābha-alābhau | accusative dual | gain and loss. |
| जय-अजयौ | jaya-ajayau | accusative dual | victory and defeat. |
| ततः | tataḥ | indeclinable | then. |
| युद्धाय | yuddhāya | dative | for battle. |
| युज्यस्व | yujyasva | imperative, 2nd singular, middle of yuj (युज्) | yoke yourself. Join yourself to it. |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| एवम् | evam | indeclinable | thus, in this way. |
| पापम् | pāpam | accusative | pāpa (पाप). |
| अवाप्स्यसि | avāpsyasi | future, 2nd singular | you will obtain. |
The phrases
sukhaduḥkhe same kṛtvā (सुखदुःखे समे कृत्वा) is the first pair, made even. Having made pleasure and pain the same. same (समे) agrees with the dual sukhaduḥkhe (सुखदुःखे).
lābhālābhau jayājayau (लाभालाभौ जयाजयौ) are the other two pairs, under the same kṛtvā (कृत्वा). Gain and loss, victory and defeat. लाभ + अलाभौ lābha + alābhau is lābhālābhau (लाभालाभौ). जय + अजयौ jaya + ajayau is jayājayau (जयाजयौ). Three duals, three pairs.
ततः युद्धाय युज्यस्व न एवम् पापम् अवाप्स्यसि tataḥ yuddhāya yujyasva na evam pāpam avāpsyasi is the yoke and the result. Then yoke yourself to the battle. Thus you will not obtain pāpa (पाप). tataḥ (ततः) before yuddhāya (युद्धाय) is tato (ततो). न + एवम् na + evam is naivam (नैवम्). पापम् अवाप्स्यसि pāpam avāpsyasi is the future of 2.33, now on the far side of the evenness.
Sanskrit in this line
The dual is doing the pairs. sukhaduḥkhe (सुखदुःखे) is a dvandva (द्वन्द्व) in the accusative dual, ending --e (ए), and same (समे) agrees with it. lābhālābhau (लाभालाभौ) and jayājayau (जयाजयौ) are the same kind of compound in the dual ending --au (औ). One kṛtvā (कृत्वा) covers all three: having made them even. yujyasva (युज्यस्व) is middle imperative, "yoke yourself." The middle matters. The joining is his own, to yuddhāya (युद्धाय), the same dative as 2.37.
Say it back
The three pairs, and the condition under which pāpa (पाप) is not obtained. All three duals.