2.42
यामिमां पुष्पितां वाचं प्रवदन्त्यविपश्चितः ।
वेदवादरताः पार्थ नान्यदस्तीति वादिनः ॥
yām imāṃ puṣpitāṃ vācaṃ pravadanty avipaścitaḥ
vedavādaratāḥ pārtha nānyad astīti vādinaḥ
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is speaking, to Pārtha (पार्थ), and the sentence does not finish in this verse.
The verse
The undiscerning, delighting in talk of the Veda (वेद), utter this flowery speech, arguing "there is nothing else," Pārtha (पार्थ).
नेपालीमा
विवेक नभएकाहरू, वेदको कुरामा रमाउनेहरू, हे पार्थ, अरू केही छैन भन्दै यो फूल फुलेको वचन बोल्छन्।
Where it sits
The many-branched buddhi of 2.41 gets a voice, a speech about the Veda (वेद) that says the Veda (वेद) is the whole of what there is. Read 2.42 and 2.43 as one sentence numbered twice: he has not yet said what the speech promises.
Split: याम् + इमाम् + पुष्पिताम् + वाचम् + प्रवदन्ति + अविपश्चितः + वेद-वाद-रताः + पार्थ + न + अन्यत् + अस्ति + इति + वादिनः
yām + imām + puṣpitām + vācam + pravadanti + avipaścitaḥ + veda-vāda-ratāḥ + pārtha + na + anyat + asti + iti + vādinaḥ
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| याम् | yām | accusative feminine | which. The relative. It is not closed until 2.43. |
| इमाम् | imām | accusative feminine | this. |
| पुष्पिताम् | puṣpitām | accusative feminine | flowered. A speech in bloom, all show. |
| वाचम् | vācam | accusative of vāc (वाच्) | speech. |
| प्रवदन्ति | pravadanti | present, 3rd plural | they utter. |
| अविपश्चितः | avipaścitaḥ | nominative plural | the undiscerning. Those without vipaścit (विपश्चित्), discernment. |
| वेद-वाद-रताः | veda-vāda-ratāḥ | nominative plural | delighting in the talk of the Veda (वेद). |
| पार्थ | pārtha | vocative | Pārtha (पार्थ). |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| अन्यत् | anyat | nominative neuter | anything else. |
| अस्ति | asti | present, 3rd singular | there is. |
| इति | iti | indeclinable | thus. The mark of a quotation. |
| वादिनः | vādinaḥ | nominative plural | saying, arguing. |
The phrases
याम् इमां पुष्पितां वाचम् yām imāṃ puṣpitāṃ vācam is the object, a speech pointed at before we are told what it offers. "Which" and "this" and "flowered" all agree with vācam (वाचम्), feminine accusative. The relatives will still be open at the end of the line.
pravadanti avipaścitaḥ (प्रवदन्ति अविपश्चितः) is the verb and the subject. The undiscerning utter it. इ + अ i + a joins them: pravadantyavipaścitaḥ (प्रवदन्त्यविपश्चितः).
vedavādaratāḥ (वेदवादरताः) describes the same people. They delight in talk about the Veda (वेद). vādinaḥ (वादिनः) describes them again, by the sentence they keep saying.
nānyad astīti (नान्यदस्तीति) is that sentence. न अन्यत् अस्ति na anyat asti, "there is nothing else," with iti (इति) closing the quote. न + अन्यत् na + anyat has become nānyat (नान्यत्). The t (त्) of anyat (अन्यत्) before the vowel of asti (अस्ति) is written d (द्): anyad asti (अन्यदस्ति). Then अस्ति + इति asti + iti is astīti (अस्तीति), because इ + इ i + i becomes ī (ई).
Sanskrit in this line
iti (इति) is the quotation mark. It sits after the words being quoted and means "thus." Here the quote is only three words long: न अन्यत् अस्ति na anyat asti. The people who say it are vādinaḥ (वादिनः), "the ones who say." Do not translate iti (इति) as a separate claim. It only brackets the claim in front of it.
Say it back
Who speaks, what kind of speech it is, and the three-word sentence they keep. If puṣpitām (पुष्पिताम्) comes out as "true," stay here.