2.43
कामात्मानः स्वर्गपरा जन्मकर्मफलप्रदाम् ।
क्रियाविशेषबहुलां भोगैश्वर्यगतिं प्रति ॥
kāmātmānaḥ svargaparā janmakarmaphalapradām
kriyāviśeṣabahulāṃ bhogaiśvaryagatiṃ prati
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, and this verse has no verb of its own.
The verse
Those whose self is desire, and for whom heaven is the summit, utter the speech that grants fruits of birth and of works, thick with special rites, aimed at enjoyment and power.
नेपालीमा
जसको आत्मा इच्छा हो र जसका लागि स्वर्ग शिखर हो, तिनीहरूले जन्म र कर्मका फल दिने, विशेष विधिले बाक्लो, भोग र शक्तितिर लक्षित वचन बोल्छन्।
Where it sits
The quote in 2.42, "there is nothing else," now means heaven, rites, enjoyment, and lordship. The buddhi of resolve cannot get a footing in a man whose speech is this speech, which the next verse will say outright.
Split: काम-आत्मानः + स्वर्ग-पराः + जन्म-कर्म-फल-प्रदाम् + क्रिया-विशेष-बहुलाम् + भोग-ऐश्वर्य-गतिम् + प्रति
kāma-ātmānaḥ + svarga-parāḥ + janma-karma-phala-pradām + kriyā-viśeṣa-bahulām + bhoga-aiśvarya-gatim + prati
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| काम-आत्मानः | kāma-ātmānaḥ | nominative plural | those whose self is desire. |
| स्वर्ग-पराः | svarga-parāḥ | nominative plural | those for whom heaven is the highest. |
| जन्म-कर्म-फल-प्रदाम् | janma-karma-phala-pradām | accusative feminine | giving the fruit of birth and of action. Agrees with vācam (वाचम्) in 2.42. |
| क्रिया-विशेष-बहुलाम् | kriyā-viśeṣa-bahulām | accusative feminine | thick with special rites. |
| भोग-ऐश्वर्य-गतिम् | bhoga-aiśvarya-gatim | accusative feminine | the course toward enjoyment and lordship. |
| प्रति | prati | indeclinable, with the accusative | toward, aimed at. |
The phrases
kāmātmānaḥ svargaparāḥ (कामात्मानः स्वर्गपराः) keeps describing the speakers of 2.42. Their self is desire. Heaven is the top of what they want. The ḥ (ः) of svargaparāḥ (स्वर्गपराः) drops before the voiced j (ज्), so the recital is svargaparā janma (स्वर्गपरा जन्म).
janmakarmaphalapradām (जन्मकर्मफलप्रदाम्) and kriyāviśeṣabahulām (क्रियाविशेषबहुलाम्) are two more accusatives on the speech. The flowered vāc (वाच्) is a speech that hands out fruits of birth and of works, and it is crowded with particular rites.
bhogaiśvaryagatiṃ prati (भोगैश्वर्यगतिं प्रति) names the direction. prati (प्रति) takes the accusative in front of it. The speech is aimed at a course of enjoyment and power. भोग + ऐश्वर्य bhoga + aiśvarya has become bhogaiśvarya (भोगैश्वर्य): अ + ऐ a + ai becomes ai (ऐ).
Sanskrit in this line
A verse can borrow its verb. pravadanti (प्रवदन्ति) is back in 2.42, and nothing here replaces it. The nominatives kāmātmānaḥ (कामात्मानः) and svargaparāḥ (स्वर्गपराः) continue the subject. The accusatives continue vācam (वाचम्). prati (प्रति) is not the verb. It is the word that aims gatim (गतिम्).
Say it back
Two descriptions of the men, then what their speech gives and where it points. The verb you use is the verb of 2.42.