2.50
बुद्धियुक्तो जहातीह उभे सुकृतदुष्कृते ।
तस्माद्योगाय युज्यस्व योगः कर्मसु कौशलम् ॥
buddhiyukto jahātīha ubhe sukṛtaduṣkṛte
tasmād yogāya yujyasva yogaḥ karmasu kauśalam
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is speaking.
The verse
The man joined with buddhi leaves behind, here, both the well-done and the ill-done; therefore yoke yourself to yoga. Yoga is skill in actions.
नेपालीमा
बुद्धिमा जोडिएको मानिसले यहाँ राम्ररी गरिएको र नराम्ररी गरिएको दुवै पछाडि छाड्छ, त्यसैले योगमा आफूलाई जोड। योग भनेको कर्ममा निपुणता हो।
Where it sits
Where 2.48 called yoga evenness, this verse calls it skill: the leaving of both the fair deed and the foul as things he would own. The buddhi makes the act clean of that storehouse, and 2.51 will say where such men go.
Split: बुद्धि-युक्तः + जहाति + इह + उभे + सुकृत-दुष्कृते + तस्मात् + योगाय + युज्यस्व + योगः + कर्मसु + कौशलम्
buddhi-yuktaḥ + jahāti + iha + ubhe + sukṛta-duṣkṛte + tasmāt + yogāya + yujyasva + yogaḥ + karmasu + kauśalam
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| बुद्धि-युक्तः | buddhi-yuktaḥ | nominative | joined with buddhi. |
| जहाति | jahāti | present, 3rd singular of hā (हा) | he leaves, he abandons. |
| इह | iha | indeclinable | here. |
| उभे | ubhe | accusative dual neuter | both. |
| सुकृत-दुष्कृते | sukṛta-duṣkṛte | accusative dual | the well-done and the ill-done. Merit and the deed that is not merit. |
| तस्मात् | tasmāt | ablative of tad (तद्) | from that, therefore. |
| योगाय | yogāya | dative | for yoga, to yoga. |
| युज्यस्व | yujyasva | imperative, 2nd singular, middle | yoke yourself. |
| योगः | yogaḥ | nominative | yoga. |
| कर्मसु | karmasu | locative plural of karman (कर्मन्) | in actions. |
| कौशलम् | kauśalam | nominative neuter | skill. |
The phrases
buddhiyuktaḥ jahāti iha (बुद्धियुक्तः जहाति इह) is the man and the verb. The one joined with buddhi leaves, here. The ḥ (ः) before j (ज्) is recited o (ओ): buddhiyukto (बुद्धियुक्तो). जहाति + इह jahāti + iha is jahātīha (जहातीह), because इ + इ i + i becomes ī (ई). The first quarter ends at iha (इह). ubhe (उभे) starts the next, so the vowels are not joined across that pause.
ubhe sukṛtaduṣkṛte (उभे सुकृतदुष्कृते) is what he leaves. Both. The well-done and the ill-done. Two duals, adjective and noun. He does not keep the good deed as a private store and drop only the bad one.
tasmāt yogāya yujyasva (तस्मात् योगाय युज्यस्व) is the order. Therefore yoke yourself to yoga. The dative yogāya (योगाय) is what the yoking is for. t (त्) before the voiced y (य्) is recited d (द्): tasmād (तस्माद्).
yogaḥ karmasu kauśalam (योगः कर्मसु कौशलम्) is the second definition. Yoga is skill in actions. yogaḥ (योगः) and kauśalam (कौशलम्) are the two nominatives, subject and what it is. karmasu (कर्मसु) is where the skill is exercised.
Sanskrit in this line
yujyasva (युज्यस्व) is middle imperative, second person singular. The middle ending means the yoking comes back on the doer: yoke yourself. Active would be an order aimed outward. yogāya (योगाय), the dative, says what he yokes himself for. "To yoga," as a purpose, not as a place he sits down in. The place-word for this chapter is still the locative, and it arrives in the definition: karmasu (कर्मसु), "in actions."
Say it back
What the buddhi-joined man leaves, both of them, and the five-word definition. If kauśalam (कौशलम्) comes out as "the fruit," stay here.