2.51
कर्मजं बुद्धियुक्ता हि फलं त्यक्त्वा मनीषिणः ।
जन्मबन्धविनिर्मुक्ताः पदं गच्छन्त्यनामयम् ॥
karmajaṃ buddhiyuktā hi phalaṃ tyaktvā manīṣiṇaḥ
janmabandhavinirmuktāḥ padaṃ gacchanty anāmayam
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is speaking.
The verse
The wise who are joined with buddhi, having left the fruit born of action, freed from the bondage of birth, go to the place that does not ail.
नेपालीमा
बुद्धिमा जोडिएका ज्ञानीहरूले कर्मबाट जन्मेको फल छाडेर, जन्मको बन्धनबाट मुक्त भएर, नदुख्ने ठाउँमा जान्छन्।
Where it sits
Leaving the fruit is not only a way of working: the men who can leave it are freed from the bondage of birth, and they go to a place the verse calls unailing. 2.52 will say what changes in the buddhi on the way there.
Split: कर्म-जम् + बुद्धि-युक्ताः + हि + फलम् + त्यक्त्वा + मनीषिणः + जन्म-बन्ध-विनिर्मुक्ताः + पदम् + गच्छन्ति + अनामयम्
karma-jam + buddhi-yuktāḥ + hi + phalam + tyaktvā + manīṣiṇaḥ + janma-bandha-vinirmuktāḥ + padam + gacchanti + anāmayam
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| कर्म-जम् | karma-jam | accusative neuter | born of action. Agrees with phalam (फलम्). |
| बुद्धि-युक्ताः | buddhi-yuktāḥ | nominative plural | those joined with buddhi. |
| हि | hi | indeclinable | indeed. |
| फलम् | phalam | accusative | the fruit. |
| त्यक्त्वा | tyaktvā | gerund | having left. |
| मनीषिणः | manīṣiṇaḥ | nominative plural of manīṣin (मनीषिन्) | the wise. |
| जन्म-बन्ध-विनिर्मुक्ताः | janma-bandha-vinirmuktāḥ | nominative plural | freed from the bondage of birth. |
| पदम् | padam | accusative | the place, the step, the state. |
| गच्छन्ति | gacchanti | present, 3rd plural | they go. |
| अनामयम् | anāmayam | accusative neuter | without disease, unailing. Agrees with padam (पदम्). |
The phrases
karmajaṃ phalaṃ tyaktvā (कर्मजं फलं त्यक्त्वा) is the gerund, pulled apart by the line. Having left the fruit that is born of action. karmajam (कर्मजम्) and phalam (फलम्) agree. hi (हि) is only the press on the sentence.
buddhiyuktāḥ manīṣiṇaḥ (बुद्धियुक्ताः मनीषिणः) is the subject, also pulled apart. The wise who are joined with buddhi. Two nominative plurals, one person. The ḥ (ः) of buddhiyuktāḥ (बुद्धियुक्ताः) drops before hi (हि), a voiced h (ह्), so you hear buddhiyuktā hi (बुद्धियुक्ता हि).
janmabandhavinirmuktāḥ (जन्मबन्धविनिर्मुक्ताः) describes them at the moment of going. Freed from the bondage that birth is.
padaṃ gacchanti anāmayam (पदं गच्छन्ति अनामयम्) is where. They go to the place that does not ail. गच्छन्ति + अनामयम् gacchanti + anāmayam is gacchanty anāmayam (गच्छन्त्यनामयम्): इ + अ i + a becomes य y.
Sanskrit in this line
The gerund tyaktvā (त्यक्त्वा) does not have its own person. Its person is the subject of gacchanti (गच्छन्ति): the wise. "Having left, they go." One subject, two moments, and the leaving is finished before the going. The ending is --tvā (त्वा) because tyaj (त्यज्) has no prefix.
Say it back
What they leave, what they are freed from, and the place they go. If anāmayam (अनामयम्) comes out as "heaven," stay here.