2.55
श्रीभगवानुवाच
प्रजहाति यदा कामान्सर्वान्पार्थ मनोगतान् ।
आत्मन्येवात्मना तुष्टः स्थितप्रज्ञस्तदोच्यते ॥
śrībhagavān uvāca
prajahāti yadā kāmān sarvān pārtha manogatān
ātmany evātmanā tuṣṭaḥ sthitaprajñas tadocyate
Śrībhagavān (श्रीभगवान्), Sañjaya's (सञ्जय) name for Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण), is speaking, and the answer to 2.54 starts here.
The verse
When he throws off all desires that have entered the mind, and is content in the self by the self alone, then he is called a man of steady insight, Pārtha (पार्थ).
नेपालीमा
हे पार्थ, जब ऊ मनमा पसेका सबै इच्छा फाल्छ र आत्माद्वारा आत्मामा मात्र सन्तुष्ट हुन्छ, तब उसलाई स्थिर प्रज्ञा भएको मानिस भनिन्छ।
Where it sits
The first mark is not a posture: it is desires leaving the mind, and a contentment the self both holds and supplies. Speech, seat, and walk are still to come.
Split: प्रजहाति + यदा + कामान् + सर्वान् + पार्थ + मनः-गतान् + आत्मनि + एव + आत्मना + तुष्टः + स्थित-प्रज्ञः + तदा + उच्यते
prajahāti + yadā + kāmān + sarvān + pārtha + manaḥ-gatān + ātmani + eva + ātmanā + tuṣṭaḥ + sthita-prajñaḥ + tadā + ucyate
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| प्रजहाति | prajahāti | present, 3rd singular | he throws off. pra (प्र) on hā (हा) presses the leaving. |
| यदा | yadā | indeclinable | when. |
| कामान् | kāmān | accusative plural | desires. |
| सर्वान् | sarvān | accusative plural | all. Agrees with kāmān (कामान्). |
| पार्थ | pārtha | vocative | Pārtha (पार्थ). |
| मनः-गतान् | manaḥ-gatān | accusative plural | gone into the mind, dwelling there. |
| आत्मनि | ātmani | locative | in the self. |
| एव | eva | indeclinable | alone. |
| आत्मना | ātmanā | instrumental | by the self. |
| तुष्टः | tuṣṭaḥ | nominative | content. |
| स्थित-प्रज्ञः | sthita-prajñaḥ | nominative | the man of steady insight. Arjuna's (अर्जुन) own compound, handed back. |
| तदा | tadā | indeclinable | then. |
| उच्यते | ucyate | present passive | is called. |
The phrases
prajahāti yadā kāmān sarvān (प्रजहाति यदा कामान् सर्वान्) is the when, with the verb first. When he throws off all desires. manogatān (मनोगतान्) says which desires: the ones that have gone into the mind. pārtha (पार्थ) sits in the middle of the object, the way a vocative may.
ātmani eva ātmanā tuṣṭaḥ (आत्मनि एव आत्मना तुष्टः) is the man at that moment. Content in the self, by the self, alone. आत्मनि + एव ātmani + eva is ātmany eva (आत्मन्येव): इ + ए i + e becomes ye (ये). एव + आत्मना eva + ātmanā is evātmanā (एवात्मना).
sthitaprajñaḥ tadā ucyate (स्थितप्रज्ञः तदा उच्यते) is the name. Then he is called a man of steady insight. The ḥ (ः) before t (त्) becomes s (स्), and तदा + उच्यते tadā + ucyate becomes tadocyate (तदोच्यते), because अ + उ a + u becomes o (ओ). You hear sthitaprajñas tadocyate (स्थितप्रज्ञस्तदोच्यते).
Sanskrit in this line
ātman (आत्मन्) is used twice, in two cases, and the cases are the teaching. ātmani (आत्मनि) is locative, "in the self," the place of the contentment. ātmanā (आत्मना) is instrumental, "by the self," the means. eva (एव) sits on the place: in the self alone. One noun, two answers, "where" and "by what."
Say it back
What he throws off, and the two cases of ātman (आत्मन्). If ātmanā (आत्मना) comes out as another locative, stay here.