2.56
दुःखेष्वनुद्विग्नमनाः सुखेषु विगतस्पृहः ।
वीतरागभयक्रोधः स्थितधीर्मुनिरुच्यते ॥
duḥkheṣv anudvignamanāḥ sukheṣu vigataspṛhaḥ
vītarāgabhayakrodhaḥ sthitadhīr munir ucyate
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is speaking.
The verse
He whose mind is unshaken in pains, whose longing has gone in pleasures, and from whom attraction, fear, and anger have left, is called a sage of steady mind.
नेपालीमा
दुःखमा मन नहल्लिने, सुखमा चाहना हटेको, र जसबाट राग, भय र क्रोध गएका छन्, उसलाई स्थिर बुद्धि भएको मुनि भनिन्छ।
Where it sits
This is the first outward test of the man 2.54 asked about: pain and pleasure are the pair, and he is the same man in both. It is samaḥ (समः) from 2.48, now worn by a person.
Split: दुःखेषु + अनुद्विग्न-मनाः + सुखेषु + विगत-स्पृहः + वीत-राग-भय-क्रोधः + स्थित-धीः + मुनिः + उच्यते
duḥkheṣu + anudvigna-manāḥ + sukheṣu + vigata-spṛhaḥ + vīta-rāga-bhaya-krodhaḥ + sthita-dhīḥ + muniḥ + ucyate
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| दुःखेषु | duḥkheṣu | locative plural | in pains. |
| अनुद्विग्न-मनाः | anudvigna-manāḥ | nominative | whose mind is unshaken. anudvigna (अनुद्विग्न) is "not agitated." |
| सुखेषु | sukheṣu | locative plural | in pleasures. |
| विगत-स्पृहः | vigata-spṛhaḥ | nominative | whose longing has gone. |
| वीत-राग-भय-क्रोधः | vīta-rāga-bhaya-krodhaḥ | nominative | from whom attraction, fear, and anger have departed. vīta (वीत) is "gone." |
| स्थित-धीः | sthita-dhīḥ | nominative | steady-minded. |
| मुनिः | muniḥ | nominative | the silent one, the sage. |
| उच्यते | ucyate | present passive | is called. |
The phrases
duḥkheṣu anudvignamanāḥ (दुःखेषु अनुद्विग्नमनाः) is the man in pain. His mind is not shaken. दुःखेषु + अनुद्विग्न duḥkheṣu + anudvigna is duḥkheṣv anudvigna (दुःखेष्वनुद्विग्न): उ + अ u + a becomes व v.
sukheṣu vigataspṛhaḥ (सुखेषु विगतस्पृहः) is the same man in pleasure. The longing has already gone. Pain does not shake him, and pleasure does not get a grip.
vītarāgabhayakrodhaḥ (वीतरागभयक्रोधः) gathers three departures into one nominative. Attraction, fear, and anger have left him. Then स्थितधीः मुनिः उच्यते sthitadhīr munir ucyate: he is called a sage of steady mind. धीः + मुनिः dhīḥ + muniḥ is dhīr muniḥ (धीर्मुनिः). मुनिः + उच्यते muniḥ + ucyate is munir ucyate (मुनिरुच्यते). The ḥ (ः) after i (इ) or ī (ई) becomes r (र्) before a voiced sound.
Sanskrit in this line
Three of the nominatives are bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) compounds. They do not name the mind, the longing, or the anger as the subject. They name the man by what those things have done. anudvignamanāḥ (अनुद्विग्नमनाः) is "he whose mind is unshaken," not "an unshaken mind" standing by itself. The verb ucyate (उच्यते) has one subject, the man, however many compounds describe him.
Say it back
How he is in pain, how he is in pleasure, and the three that have left. If vīta (वीत) comes out as "full of," the compound has reversed.