2.63
क्रोधाद्भवति सम्मोहः सम्मोहात्स्मृतिविभ्रमः ।
स्मृतिभ्रंशाद् बुद्धिनाशो बुद्धिनाशात्प्रणश्यति ॥
krodhād bhavati sammohaḥ sammohāt smṛtivibhramaḥ
smṛtibhraṃśād buddhināśo buddhināśāt praṇaśyati
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is speaking, continuing the chain that started in 2.62.
The verse
From anger comes bewilderment; from bewilderment, the wandering of memory; from the fall of memory, the ruin of the buddhi; from the ruin of the buddhi, he is lost.
नेपालीमा
क्रोधबाट अलमल आउँछ, अलमलबाट स्मृति भड्किन्छ, स्मृति खसेपछि बुद्धि नाश हुन्छ, र बुद्धि नाश भएपछि ऊ हराउँछ।
Where it sits
Anger is not the bottom: bewilderment, memory, the buddhi, and the man himself follow it down, and the buddhi 2.39 told him to hear is the buddhi this chain can destroy. 2.64 will give the other road, the one that reaches clarity instead of this collapse.
Split: क्रोधात् + भवति + सम्मोहः + सम्मोहात् + स्मृति-विभ्रमः + स्मृति-भ्रंशात् + बुद्धि-नाशः + बुद्धि-नाशात् + प्रणश्यति
krodhāt + bhavati + sammohaḥ + sammohāt + smṛti-vibhramaḥ + smṛti-bhraṃśāt + buddhi-nāśaḥ + buddhi-nāśāt + praṇaśyati
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| क्रोधात् | krodhāt | ablative | from anger. |
| भवति | bhavati | present, 3rd singular | comes to be. |
| सम्मोहः | sammohaḥ | nominative | bewilderment, delusion complete. |
| सम्मोहात् | sammohāt | ablative | from bewilderment. |
| स्मृति-विभ्रमः | smṛti-vibhramaḥ | nominative | wandering of memory. vibhrama (विभ्रम) is a going astray. |
| स्मृति-भ्रंशात् | smṛti-bhraṃśāt | ablative | from the fall of memory. bhraṃśa (भ्रंश) is the slip, the collapse. |
| बुद्धि-नाशः | buddhi-nāśaḥ | nominative | ruin of the buddhi. |
| बुद्धि-नाशात् | buddhi-nāśāt | ablative | from the ruin of the buddhi. |
| प्रणश्यति | praṇaśyati | present, 3rd singular | he is lost. From pra-naś (प्र-नश्). The subject is the man of 2.62. |
The phrases
krodhāt bhavati sammohaḥ (क्रोधात् भवति सम्मोहः) takes the anger of 2.62 as its parent. From anger comes bewilderment. क्रोधात् + भवति krodhāt + bhavati is recited krodhād bhavati (क्रोधाद् भवति): t (त्) before a voiced consonant becomes d (द्).
sammohāt smṛtivibhramaḥ (सम्मोहात् स्मृतिविभ्रमः) is the next child. From bewilderment, memory wanders.
smṛtibhraṃśāt buddhināśaḥ (स्मृतिभ्रंशात् बुद्धिनाशः) tightens the previous phrase. The wandering is now called a fall, and from that fall comes the ruin of the buddhi. The verse does not pretend these are two unrelated events. vibhramaḥ (विभ्रमः) is the going astray, and bhraṃśaḥ (भ्रंशः) is that going become a collapse. The ḥ (ः) of nāśaḥ (नाशः) before the voiced b (ब्) is recited o (ओ): buddhināśo (बुद्धिनाशो).
buddhināśāt praṇaśyati (बुद्धिनाशात् प्रणश्यति) is the end of the chain. From the ruin of the buddhi, he is lost. No new noun is supplied for the verb. The puṃs (पुंस्) who dwelt on objects is the one who perishes.
Sanskrit in this line
Four ablatives, and each one means "from," as the source of the next nominative. krodhāt (क्रोधात्), sammohāt (सम्मोहात्), smṛtibhraṃśāt (स्मृतिभ्रंशात्), buddhināśāt (बुद्धिनाशात्). The pattern is ablative, then the thing that comes of it. praṇaśyati (प्रणश्यति) breaks the pattern on purpose. After the last ablative there is no new thing born. The man is what ends.
Say it back
From anger to the man being lost, in order. If smṛtivibhramaḥ (स्मृतिविभ्रमः) and smṛtibhraṃśaḥ (स्मृतिभ्रंशः) come out as the same word, stay here. The wandering becomes the fall.